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Unpack Leibniz's groundbreaking metaphysics: monads, pre-established harmony, and his vision of God. Discover how he countered Spinoza's monism and Locke's empiricism, shaping mind-body debates and influencing modern thought on perception and rational decision.
Works Cited
Anfray, Jean-Pascal. "Leibniz and Descartes." The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism, edited by Steven Nadler et al., Oxford Academic, 2019, pp. 721–37. DOI.org, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198796909.013.45.
Blank, Andreas. "On Reconstructing Leibniz’s Metaphysics." PhilArchive.
Boeker, Ruth. "Syllabus Showcase: Ruth Boeker, The Human Mind in Early Modern Philosophy." Blog of the APA, 3 Apr. 2019.
Cambray, Joe. "The Place of the 17th Century in Jung's Encounter with China." J Anal Psychol, vol. 50, no. 2, Apr. 2005, pp. 195–207. DOI.org, doi:10.1111/j.0021-8774.2005.00523.x.
"Functionalism." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2023.
"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2023.
Grzeliński, Adam. "Locke and Leibniz on Perception." Roczniki Filozoficzne, vol. 65, no. 2, 2017. DOI.org, doi:10.18290/rf.2017.65.2-8.
Hart, Alan. "Leibniz on Spinoza's Concept of Substance." Studia Leibnitiana, vol. 14, no. 1, 1982, pp. 73-86. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40693932.
"High Fives and Pre-Established Harmony Leibniz's A New System of Nature." The Philosophy Teaching Library.
Iltis, Carolyn. "The Leibnizian-Newtonian Debates: Natural Philosophy and Social Psychology." The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 6, no. 4, 1973, pp. 343–77. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4025501.
Johns, Christopher. Leibniz's Discourse on Metaphysics: A New Translation and Commentary. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. Oxford Academic, 18 Jan. 2024. DOI.org, doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474457774.001.0001.
Jolley, Nicholas, editor. The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz. Cambridge University Press, 1994. Cambridge Core, 2006. DOI.org, doi:10.1017/CCOL0521365880.
Jorati, Julia. Review of Leibniz’s Naturalized Philosophy of Mind, by Larry M. Jorgensen. The Philosophical Review, vol. 130, no. 3, 2021, pp. 455–58. DOI.org, doi:10.1215/00318108-8998864.
Lee, Sarah. "Understanding Personal Identity." Number Analytics, 26 May 2025.
Leibniz, G. W. "Discourse on Metaphysics." Edited and translated by Jonathan Bennett. LYM Canada.
"Leibniz on Rational Decision-Making." PhilPapers, n.d. Accessed 15 June 2025.
"Leibniz’s Modal Metaphysics." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013.
McLaughlin, Brian, and Jonathan Cohen, editors. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Mind. Wiley-Blackwell, 2007.
Nicholls, Angus, and Martin Liebscher, editors. Thinking the Unconcious: Nineteenth-Century German Thought. Cambridge University Press, n.d.
O’Connor, Timothy, and Christopher Franklin. "Free Will." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2022. Stanford University, plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2003/entries/practical-reason/. Accessed 15 June 2025.
Phemister, Pauline. The Rationalists: Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz. Polity, 2006.
"Philosophy of Mind." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation.
Robinson, Howard. "Dualism." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2020.
"Seeking Guidance on Contemporary Debates and Research in Metaphysics (Space, Time and Mind)." Reddit, r/askphilosophy. Strickland, Lloyd. Leibniz’s Monadology: A New Translation and Guide. Edinburgh University Press, 2014.
"A Synthesis of the Rationalist Ideas of Plato, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz and Its." GPH Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 5, no. 7, July 2022.
Vidinsky, Vassil. "Possible Worlds In the Precipice: Why Leibniz Met Spinoza?" FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History, vol. 16, no. 3, 2017, pp. 213–23. DOI.org, doi:10.22190/FUPSPH1703213V.
"What Drives the Systems? From Conatus to Dynamics -Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and Kant." Journals ISSS, 2010.
By Manchoon Samchoon5
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Unpack Leibniz's groundbreaking metaphysics: monads, pre-established harmony, and his vision of God. Discover how he countered Spinoza's monism and Locke's empiricism, shaping mind-body debates and influencing modern thought on perception and rational decision.
Works Cited
Anfray, Jean-Pascal. "Leibniz and Descartes." The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism, edited by Steven Nadler et al., Oxford Academic, 2019, pp. 721–37. DOI.org, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198796909.013.45.
Blank, Andreas. "On Reconstructing Leibniz’s Metaphysics." PhilArchive.
Boeker, Ruth. "Syllabus Showcase: Ruth Boeker, The Human Mind in Early Modern Philosophy." Blog of the APA, 3 Apr. 2019.
Cambray, Joe. "The Place of the 17th Century in Jung's Encounter with China." J Anal Psychol, vol. 50, no. 2, Apr. 2005, pp. 195–207. DOI.org, doi:10.1111/j.0021-8774.2005.00523.x.
"Functionalism." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2023.
"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2023.
Grzeliński, Adam. "Locke and Leibniz on Perception." Roczniki Filozoficzne, vol. 65, no. 2, 2017. DOI.org, doi:10.18290/rf.2017.65.2-8.
Hart, Alan. "Leibniz on Spinoza's Concept of Substance." Studia Leibnitiana, vol. 14, no. 1, 1982, pp. 73-86. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40693932.
"High Fives and Pre-Established Harmony Leibniz's A New System of Nature." The Philosophy Teaching Library.
Iltis, Carolyn. "The Leibnizian-Newtonian Debates: Natural Philosophy and Social Psychology." The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 6, no. 4, 1973, pp. 343–77. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4025501.
Johns, Christopher. Leibniz's Discourse on Metaphysics: A New Translation and Commentary. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. Oxford Academic, 18 Jan. 2024. DOI.org, doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474457774.001.0001.
Jolley, Nicholas, editor. The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz. Cambridge University Press, 1994. Cambridge Core, 2006. DOI.org, doi:10.1017/CCOL0521365880.
Jorati, Julia. Review of Leibniz’s Naturalized Philosophy of Mind, by Larry M. Jorgensen. The Philosophical Review, vol. 130, no. 3, 2021, pp. 455–58. DOI.org, doi:10.1215/00318108-8998864.
Lee, Sarah. "Understanding Personal Identity." Number Analytics, 26 May 2025.
Leibniz, G. W. "Discourse on Metaphysics." Edited and translated by Jonathan Bennett. LYM Canada.
"Leibniz on Rational Decision-Making." PhilPapers, n.d. Accessed 15 June 2025.
"Leibniz’s Modal Metaphysics." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013.
McLaughlin, Brian, and Jonathan Cohen, editors. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Mind. Wiley-Blackwell, 2007.
Nicholls, Angus, and Martin Liebscher, editors. Thinking the Unconcious: Nineteenth-Century German Thought. Cambridge University Press, n.d.
O’Connor, Timothy, and Christopher Franklin. "Free Will." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2022. Stanford University, plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2003/entries/practical-reason/. Accessed 15 June 2025.
Phemister, Pauline. The Rationalists: Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz. Polity, 2006.
"Philosophy of Mind." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation.
Robinson, Howard. "Dualism." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2020.
"Seeking Guidance on Contemporary Debates and Research in Metaphysics (Space, Time and Mind)." Reddit, r/askphilosophy. Strickland, Lloyd. Leibniz’s Monadology: A New Translation and Guide. Edinburgh University Press, 2014.
"A Synthesis of the Rationalist Ideas of Plato, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz and Its." GPH Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, vol. 5, no. 7, July 2022.
Vidinsky, Vassil. "Possible Worlds In the Precipice: Why Leibniz Met Spinoza?" FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History, vol. 16, no. 3, 2017, pp. 213–23. DOI.org, doi:10.22190/FUPSPH1703213V.
"What Drives the Systems? From Conatus to Dynamics -Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and Kant." Journals ISSS, 2010.