In this episode, host Anirudh Suri engages in an insightful discussion with guest Sebastian Mallaby on the historical evolution of financial systems and the regulatory cycles over the past century. They explore the dynamics between private banking entities and public institutions like the central bank, focusing on significant periods such as the establishment of the Federal Reserve, the 1920s stock market bubble and the ensuing crash, and the 2008 financial crisis. They also draw parallels between these financial regulatory cycles and the current tug of war between big tech firms and governments, examining the systemic implications of financial versus technological excesses.