Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant global public health challenge, with millions of new infections occurring each year. While many STIs are preventable and treatable, persistent stigma, inequitable access to services, and social determinants continue to drive transmission.

This episode explores:

• Global epidemiology of major STIs - chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HPV, and others• Transmission dynamics and behavioural risk factors• Screening strategies and asymptomatic infection• Antimicrobial resistance in gonorrhoea• HPV vaccination and cancer prevention• Maternal–child transmission• Sexual health education and harm reduction• Stigma, discrimination, and access barriers• Integration of STI services within primary care

STIs demonstrate how biology and social context are inseparable. Patterns of transmission reflect sexual networks, healthcare accessibility, education systems, and broader social norms. Public health responses must balance individual confidentiality with population-level surveillance.

The episode emphasises prevention through vaccination, screening, partner notification, and comprehensive sexual health education - while recognising that stigma undermines engagement and trust.

Sexual health is fundamental to overall health, autonomy, and equity.

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Key Takeaways

• STIs remain highly prevalent globally• Many infections are asymptomatic but transmissible• Screening and early treatment reduce complications• Antimicrobial resistance threatens effective treatment options• HPV vaccination significantly reduces cancer risk• Stigma is a major barrier to prevention and care• Integrated, confidential services improve outcomes

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