Buddhist philosophy starts  life, in the shape of the “Four Noble Truths” (Catvāri Āryasatyāni),  with an analysis of the somewhat unhappy human condition, its ground,  and what to do about it. Over the next two millennia, as Buddhism spreads through Asia, and especially into China, different schools of Buddhism develop and add to these fundamental insights in different ways. In this talk, I will discuss the Four Noble Truths, and then, to the extent that time permits, some of the later developments.