These sources collectively explore the Cuban patriotic song "Guantanamera," tracing its origins and evolution. The song, with its core refrain meaning "woman from Guantánamo," was initially popularized by Joseíto Fernández in 1929, who famously improvised lyrics weekly to suit current events. A pivotal moment in its history involved Julián Orbón, who set the music to selected stanzas from José Martí's poetry collection, Simple Verses, transforming it into a powerful expression of love for Cuba and solidarity with the poor. Pete Seeger further propelled "Guantanamera" to international fame in the 1960s, using it as a symbol for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and his version is widely considered definitive. The song has since been covered by numerous artists like The Sandpipers and Celia Cruz, and its highly adaptable melody has led to its use in diverse contexts, from British football chants to a Swedish recycling jingle, highlighting its enduring cultural impact.

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