This is H5N1 Global Scan: Avian Flu Worldwide, your three-minute international focus from Quiet Please. Across the globe, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 continues to challenge public health, food security, and animal populations on every continent except Australia. According to the WHO and FAO, the virus remains active in wild birds and poultry, with ongoing outbreaks also affecting a growing range of mammals. Since 2022, more than 22 countries have reported H5N1 in mammals, including domestic pets and even dairy cattle in the United States.

Let’s break it down continent by continent. In North and South America, the Pan American Health Organization has confirmed over 5,000 outbreaks in 19 countries since 2022, with the US experiencing both poultry and mammalian cases, including farmed cattle. Human infection has been rare but not absent, with 76 cases and two deaths in the Americas since 2022. South America has witnessed extraordinary wildlife deaths: Argentina and Chile report hundreds of thousands of birds and tens of thousands of mammals lost.

In Europe and Asia, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control noted H5N1 infections in both poultry and humans across countries like France, Germany, Hungary, and Cambodia. Cambodia, in particular, reported a cluster of human cases this year with multiple child fatalities linked to sick backyard poultry. China, Bangladesh, and India have each documented recent cases as well, while mass poultry culls continue in affected regions.

Africa, especially West Africa, is seeing increased outbreaks too. Nigeria has reported recent infections in wild birds and poultry, affecting local economies and regional food supplies.

Turning to research and global coordination, WHO, the FAO, and the World Organisation for Animal Health have ramped up sequencing and surveillance efforts. WHO’s Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, established years ago, continues to monitor virus evolution, reporting that H5N1’s genetic diversification has made it more capable of crossing species barriers. FAO reports nearly 1,000 animal outbreaks officially reported in just the last two months across 38 countries, reinforcing the need for timely data sharing and rapid containment.

Vaccine development is gaining urgency. The US, European Union, China, and several Asian countries are advancing poultry vaccines and even testing next-generation human H5N1 vaccines. Yet, global supplies are limited, and most vaccines are still tailored for birds. Human vaccine stockpiling remains precautionary, with the WHO encouraging at-risk countries to maintain and update supplies.

International trade is feeling the impact, with countries suspending poultry exports and imposing stricter biosecurity measures. For example, during recent outbreaks, South American nations temporarily halted poultry trade, echoing similar moves in Europe and Asia. The ripple effects are felt worldwide, influencing food prices and supply chains.

National approaches to containment vary. The US relies on depopulation and enhanced surveillance, including new pilot programs for dairy herds. Asian countries often enact aggressive culling, border checks, and community surveillance. The EU applies harmonized disease reporting and movement restrictions, while coordination remains a work in progress in some lower-resourced regions.

According to WHO and FAO, “global coordination is crucial” as H5N1 adapts to new hosts. Only a united front combining robust surveillance, transparent reporting, and vaccine innovation will blunt its spread.

Thank you for tuning in to H5N1 Global Scan: Avian Flu Worldwide. Join us next week for another Quiet Please international focus. This has been a Quiet Please production. For more, check out Quiet Please dot A I.

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