Why is it that women are several times more likely to have their heart attack symptoms dismissed than men? Why, during the Covid-19 pandemic, were women less likely than men to receive X-rays and blood tests? Why are men often given pain medications while women are given sedatives? Why does gynaecological cancer research receive less funding than cancers that predominantly affect men? In this episode, I survey the leading research on gender-bias and sexism in medicine, with special attention on how our social world and our evolutionary history may be playing a key role.