On this episode I cover how people can use evidence about health risks to make more informed health choices. First, you must clearly understand your health goals and values. What matters most to you? Which outcomes are most valuable to you, personally? Which concerns are most paramount to you? Two types of risk to consider when it comes to health are the risk of under- and overdiagnosis. Underdiagnosis is missing a true health problem and allowing it to worsen. Overdiagnosis is treating a health abnormality that would not have gone on to become any real health problem. There is a tension created by trying to avoid both under- and overdiagnosis. Once a person knows their health goals and values, and really understands both of these potential outcomes, they can use evidence to make informed choices. I cover how to interpret the evidence using absolute risk reduction, relative risk reduction, and number needed to treat as key indicators. This is a truly vital skill for good scientific and medical literacy.