#1 in C major: 0:00

#2 in c minor: 1:31

#4 in d minor: 3:43

#6 in E major: 4:42

#7 in e minor: 7:05

#8 in F major: 8:29

#10 in G major: 9:32

#12 in A major: 10:35

#13 in a minor: 11:58

#14 in B flat major: 13:16

#15 in b minor: 15:02

I did not record Inventions #3, 5, 9, and 11 — because I don’t like them.

But I plan to record all 15 of the Sinfonias! They’re next on my list.

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FIGURE 1: Tree diagram of the surface structure sentence — Jack loves Jill (Bernstein, 1976).

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FIGURE 2: Tree diagram of the surface structure sentence — Jill is loved by Jack (Bernstein, 1976).

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Aitchison, Jean. 1999. Teach Yourself Linguistics. London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.

Bernstein, Leonard. 1976. The unanswered question: Six talks at Harvard. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Bluestine, Eric. 2023. “Whole-Part-Whole: Its Meandering Path To Prominence.” https://thewayschildrenlearnmusic.wordpress.com/2023/08/27/whole-part-whole-its-meandering-road-to-prominence/

Gordon, Edwin. 2012. Learning Sequences in Music: Skill, Content, and Patterns. Chicago: GIA.

Smith, Frank. 1994. Understanding reading: A psycholinguistic analysis of reading and learning to read. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

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Students are to listen to each item and then mark (on their Google Answer Sheet) whether the musical excerpt was in duple or triple meter.

The test was designed for upper elementary students, but it may be suitable for students of any age with enough musical knowledge to identify the meters of pieces that are (most likely) unfamiliar to them.

In Figure 1, I show the names of the musical items along with their meters.

FIGURE 1: Meter Test - 1st revision - Items and Meters

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Students are to listen to each item and then mark (on their Google Answer Sheet) whether the musical excerpt was in major or minor tonality.

The test was designed for upper elementary students, but it may be suitable for students of any age with enough musical knowledge to identify the tonalities of pieces that are (most likely) unfamiliar to them.

In Figure 1, I show the names of the musical items along with their tonalities.

FIGURE 1: Tonality Test Items and Tonalities

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Bernstein, Leonard. 1966. The Infinite Variety of Music. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Bernstein, Leonard. 1976. The unanswered question: Six talks at Harvard. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Bluestine, Eric. 1995. The ways children learn music: An introduction and practical guide to music learning theory, 1st edition. Chicago: GIA.

Gordon, Edwin. 1986. Manual for the Primary Measure of Music Audiation and the Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation. Chicago: GIA.

Gordon, Edwin. 2012. Learning Sequences in Music: Skill, Content, and Patterns. Chicago: GIA.

Rasmussen, Eric and Taillefer Beau: https://audiation-in-the-wild.simplecast.com/episodes/s3309-dr-terry-bacon-discusses-renorming-pmma.

Reimer, Bennett and Gordon, Edwin. 1994. “The Reimer/Gordon Debate on Music Learning: Complementary or Contradictory Views?” MENC National Biennial In-service Conference in Cincinnati, Ohio. Audio Tape Stock #3004, ISBN 1-56545-052-3

Taggart, C. C., Bolton, B. M., Reynolds, A. M., Valerio, W. H., & Gordon, E. E. (2000). Jump right in: The general music series (2nd ed.). GIA Publications.

Terry, Keith. (Director & Performer). 2002. Body Music, Part One [DVD]. Crosspulse Media.

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I needed a break from writing and thinking about audiation. I had to clear my head, so I decided to play some Bach tonight — 8 of the 2-part inventions.

Here are the timings:

Invention #1 in C major: 0:00

Invention #2 in c minor: 1:29

Invention #6 in E major: 3:44

Invention #7 in e minor: 6:08

Invention #8 in f major: 7:29

Invention #10 in G major: 8:32

Invention #12 in A major: 9:35

Invention #13 in a minor: 11:04

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit ericmbluestine.substack.com

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit ericmbluestine.substack.com

Bluestine, Eric. 2000. The ways children learn music: An introduction and practical guide to music learning theory. Chicago: GIA.

Gordon, Edwin. 1984. “The Basis of Music Learning Theory.” [audiocassette]. Music Educator’s National Conference [MENC], International Audio Stats Educational Services: Los Angeles, Calif. [OCC Number / Unique Identifier: 12019891]

Gordon, Edwin. 2012. Learning Sequences in Music: Skill, Content, and Patterns. Chicago: GIA.

Reimer, Bennett and Gordon, Edwin. 1994. “The Reimer/Gordon Debate on Music Learning: Complementary or Contradictory Views?” MENC National Biennial In-service Conference in Cincinnati, Ohio. Audio Tape Stock #3004, ISBN 1-56545-052-3

The Incredibles. 2004. Directed by Brad Bird, Pixar Animation Studios; Buena Vista.

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Table 2:

Listening vs. Reading When We Audiate

Bluestine, Eric. Music/Language Analogies Part 7b: Chall’s Stages of Language Reading Development. Wordpress, 2025. https://thewayschildrenlearnmusic.wordpress.com/2025/08/11/music-language-analogies-part-7b-challs-stages-of-language-reading-development/

Bluestine, Eric. A Comparative Study of Four Approaches to Teaching Tonal Music Reading to a Select Group of Students in Third, Fourth, and Fifth Grade. 2007. Temple University, PhD dissertation. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Chall, Jeanne S. Learning to Read: The Great Debate. 1st ed., McGraw-Hill, 1967.

Chall, Jeanne S. “The Great Debate: Ten Years Later, with a Modest Proposal for Reading Stages.” Theory and Practice of Early Reading, edited by Lauren B. Resnick and Phyllis A. Weaver, Lawrence Erlbaum, 1979, pp. 29–55.

Chall, Jeanne S. Stages of Reading Development. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

Flesch, Rudolf. Why Johnny Can’t Read – and What You Can Do About It. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1955.

Hodges, D. A. The acquisition of music reading skills. In R. Colwell (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning. New York: Schirmer Books, 1992, pp 466-471.

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit ericmbluestine.substack.com

This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit ericmbluestine.substack.com