In November 2019, the city of Helsinki launched the Helsinki Climate Watch website (https://ilmastovahti.hel. fi)/) to track the city’s progress towards each of the 147 measures defined in its action plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035. The aim of this initiative is to develop an operating model for effective, transparent and collaborative management of climate actions that offers more real-time feedback instead of waiting for annual reviews or multi-year milestone reporting