Summary: Analyzes the contemporary heroin crisis, including the rise of synthetic opioids, the impact of digital technologies on drug markets, and the complex challenges posed by fentanyl and other novel substances. Explores current approaches to harm reduction, treatment, and law enforcement in an increasingly complex drug landscape. Tags: opioid epidemic, fentanyl crisis, dark web, cryptocurrency, harm reduction, prescription drugs, synthetic opioids, Afghanistan, Mexican cartels, public health, social media, artificial intelligence, drug policy reform, overdose crisis, telemedicine, harm reduction

Summary: Examines the globalization of heroin trafficking, the emergence of major trafficking routes like the French Connection, and the drug's role in Cold War politics. Details the evolution of treatment approaches, law enforcement strategies, and the complex interplay between heroin use and broader social movements. Tags: french connection, golden triangle, organized crime, cold war, vietnam war, drug enforcement, mafia, international trafficking, addiction treatment, law enforcement, aids epidemic, urban crisis, counterculture

Summary: Chronicles heroin's development as a pharmaceutical product, its early commercial success, and subsequent recognition as an addictive substance. Explores the emergence of early trafficking networks, initial regulatory responses, and the establishment of patterns that would influence drug control efforts for decades to come. Tags: pharmaceutical history, bayer company, medical innovation, early addiction, drug regulation, organized crime, prohibition era, patent medicines, medical history, public health, criminal enterprise, world war one, social reform