Figures: 

Fig. 1 http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Diagrams/Aristarchus.gif 

Fig. 2 http://spiff.rit.edu/richmond/asras/measure_ss/stick_shadows_crop.png

Fig. 3 http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/22/96922-004-428350A8.jpg 

Fig. 4 https://columbialinguistics.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/ptolemaic-system1.jpg

Fig. 5 http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/epicycle.gif

Fig. 6 http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/epicycle-epicycle.gif

Sources:

The Logical Leap by David Harriman and Leonard Peikoff

http://www.amazon.com/The-Logical-Leap-Induction-Physics/dp/0451230051

The History of Physics by Issac Asimov

http://www.amazon.com/History-Physics-Isaac-Asimov/dp/0802707513/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1429225526&sr=1-1&keywords=the+history+of+physics+asimov

The DIM Hypothesis by Leonard Peikoff (the concept of the philosphical triad) 

http://www.amazon.com/The-DIM-Hypothesis-Lights-Going/dp/0451466640

The History of Philosophy: Founders of Western Philosophy, Thales to Hume by Leonard Peikoff   http://www.peikoff.com/courses_and_lectures/the-history-of-philosophy-volume-1-%E2%80%93-founders-of-western-philosophy-thales-to-hume/ 

A History of Western Philosophy Hobbes to Hume by W.T. Jones. http://www.amazon.com/History-Western-Philosophy-Hobbes-Volume/dp/0155383140

Great Minds of the Western Intellectual Tradition  http://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/great-minds-of-the-western-intellectual-tradition-3rd-edition.html 

Music courtesy of Alex Prisc of Nigh Horizon. 

Disclaimer: 

No disclaimer this time. I have a masters degree in physics. lololol.