- How the optimism of the Modern Age led to missions and social reforms—but also to false beliefs about God.

- How William Carey became a missionary in India.

- How camp meetings and revivals called people to repentance during the Second Great Awakening.

- Why the 19th century became an era

of social reforms.

- How Pope Pius IX, Dwight Moody, B.B. Warfield, and the father of theological liberalism responded differently to the challenges of the Modern Age.

- How Pentecostalism originated.

- How neo-orthodox theologians and fundamentalists both reacted against theological liberalism.

- How evangelicalism grew.

- How the ecumenical movement has affected relations between Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestants.