Home health care services are dramatically increasing and will continue to do so as the population ages and concern rises in government agencies and private companies to control soaring health care costs. In Massachusetts, home health services reach 150,000 people through 160 agencies. Nationally, about eight million Americans require some type of medical care in the home, and those numbers will jump: by 2030 the nation will have more than 72 million elderly. This edition of Physician Focus discusses the kinds of services available in the home, who may be eligible for these services, who provides such services, and how effective they are in providing care and controlling health care costs.