How do scientists decide what counts as a species in the fossil record? And how certain can we really be about our evolutionary family tree? In this episode of Our Primate Past, paleoanthropologist Bernard Wood explores the evidence behind some of the most debated questions in human evolution.

Professor Bernard Wood is a globally renowned paleoanthropologist whose work has reshaped how researchers classify hominin fossils and interpret evolutionary relationships. Over his career, he has redefined the boundaries of the genus Homo, made major contributions to our understanding of Paranthropus, and helped introduce rigorous phylogenetic methods into paleoanthropology.

In this interview, Professor Wood reflects on his career and most influential research contributions. He discusses the challenges of defining species in the fossil record, the evolutionary significance of Paranthropus and its extreme dental adaptations, and how advances in morphology and phylogenetic analysis have transformed the study of human origins. Topics also include the controversial Sahelanthropus femur, what Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis suggest about hominin diversity, and ongoing debates about fossil access.

Whether you are interested in human evolution, fossil interpretation, or how scientific classifications are built and revised, this episode offers a clear and thoughtful look inside one of paleoanthropology’s most influential careers.