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How ‘Critically Open-minded’ are we? An Australian Perspective, through the World Values Survey (2005-2012)
How ‘Critically Open-minded’ are we? An Australian Perspective, through the World Values Survey (2005-2012)
Dr S A Hamed Hosseini
Professor Lawrence J. Saha
Abstract
Background:
In terms of theoretical background, the notion of ‘open-mindedness’ has been widely discussed in philosophy, and educational, organizational, and social psychological studies (as an aspect of individuals’ personality influenced by their social environment). However, it has not been a popular concept in sociology and anthropology. Despite growing attention to the issue of ‘open-mindedness’ outside the realm of sociology and the popularity of many subjects of sociological investigation that are directly related to this issue, no efforts have been made to develop a uniquely sociological definition or a social theory of open-mindedness.
In terms of social context, Australian society is known for its strong and colorful admiration of multiculturalism. As a modern society historically formed by immigration, Australia has formally adopted multiculturalism as its core value in making cultural and immigration policies. Despite all these historical and political moves towards a more culturally inclusive reorganization of social relations, racism, and negative attitudes towards refugees and ethnic minorities, not only persist but also continue to challenge the social cohesion in this country. The Australian economy has also taken significant steps towards corporate globalization by adopting economic rationalization policies and involving in regional and inter-regional trade agreements. Economic globalization, the escalation of population movements into Australia in recent decades as well as the proliferation of new communication technologies are at least in theory, widely expected to enhance people’s cultural openness and cosmopolitanism. Despite all these advancements, a number of studies and polls have observed that many Australians convey mixed feelings and uncertain, if not fully apprehensive, views about non-Western cultures and their ability to adopt and accommodate Australian/Western values like a liberal democracy.
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By Dr S A Hamed HosseiniHow ‘Critically Open-minded’ are we? An Australian Perspective, through the World Values Survey (2005-2012)
Dr S A Hamed Hosseini
Professor Lawrence J. Saha
Abstract
Background:
In terms of theoretical background, the notion of ‘open-mindedness’ has been widely discussed in philosophy, and educational, organizational, and social psychological studies (as an aspect of individuals’ personality influenced by their social environment). However, it has not been a popular concept in sociology and anthropology. Despite growing attention to the issue of ‘open-mindedness’ outside the realm of sociology and the popularity of many subjects of sociological investigation that are directly related to this issue, no efforts have been made to develop a uniquely sociological definition or a social theory of open-mindedness.
In terms of social context, Australian society is known for its strong and colorful admiration of multiculturalism. As a modern society historically formed by immigration, Australia has formally adopted multiculturalism as its core value in making cultural and immigration policies. Despite all these historical and political moves towards a more culturally inclusive reorganization of social relations, racism, and negative attitudes towards refugees and ethnic minorities, not only persist but also continue to challenge the social cohesion in this country. The Australian economy has also taken significant steps towards corporate globalization by adopting economic rationalization policies and involving in regional and inter-regional trade agreements. Economic globalization, the escalation of population movements into Australia in recent decades as well as the proliferation of new communication technologies are at least in theory, widely expected to enhance people’s cultural openness and cosmopolitanism. Despite all these advancements, a number of studies and polls have observed that many Australians convey mixed feelings and uncertain, if not fully apprehensive, views about non-Western cultures and their ability to adopt and accommodate Australian/Western values like a liberal democracy.