Western civilization didn’t vanish when Rome fell - it moved east. Dr. Roy explores how the libraries of Persia, Egypt, and Baghdad became the true heirs of the ancient world. From the Great Library of Alexandria to the Academy of Gundishapur, from Persian mathematicians to Arab engineers, this episode traces how Islamic civilization safeguarded humanity’s collective knowledge through centuries of turmoil. Dr. Roy connects forgotten innovations, the scientific method, algebra, optics, medicine, philosophy, and shows how the Islamic Golden Age laid the groundwork for modern science, governance, and thought.

Takeaways:

• The myth of Rome’s “fall” in 476 AD, and why civilization actually shifted, not collapsed.
• How the Great Library of Alexandria inspired centuries of learning that continued under Persian and Islamic rule.
• The creation of the world’s first Bill of Rights by Cyrus the Great, predating the Magna Carta by two millennia.
• How the Academy of Gundishapur became a bridge between Greek, Indian, Persian, and Chinese knowledge.
• Why Arab scholars like Alhazen, Al-Khwarizmi, and Avicenna revolutionized optics, mathematics, and medicine.
• How Islamic thinkers preserved Aristotle and Plato, and later reintroduced them to Europe through Spain and Sicily.
• The invention of algebra, algorithms, and the scientific method centuries before the Renaissance.
• Why Western history omits the Islamic Golden Age, and how recognizing it changes our understanding of progress.

Resources & References:

• The Book of Optics
• The Canon of Medicine
• The Bill of Rights of Cyrus the Great
• The Great Library of Alexandria
• The Antikythera Mechanism
• The Philosophy of Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina

Beyond the podcast: 

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