Get ready for a doozy. This episode tries to explain how storage works on Android with a focus on Google's on-again, off-again approach to scoped storage and how apps navigate it all. Hopefully you don't come out of this more confused than before.

We talk with Raymond Lai, part of the team behind Amaze File Manager.

• 03:01 - How did storage access used to work in the early days of Android? What is the difference between internal and external storage?
• 05:00 - Why is external storage mounted using a virtual file system? Where can apps store files, and what is the "Android" folder used for? What was the problem with mounting external storage as VFAT?
• 10:00 - Why did Android 4.4 switch from VFAT to using FUSE to emulate FAT32? Is FUSE still being used? What is SDCardFS?
• 12:07 - What is Scoped Storage? How did it affect external storage access?
• 13:12 - What is the MediaStore API? How does Scoped Storage protect users?
• 17:02 - What is the Storage Access Framework, and why was it so controversial? How did it affect apps?
• 24:00 - How did Scoped Storage break file access on some Android TV devices?
• 26:54 - How did Google respond to developer feedback on Scoped Storage before Android 10's release?
• 27:43 - How did Scoped Storage change in Android 11? What is the "all files access" permission and what are its limitations? How did file managers get around these limitations?
• 31:55 - Why did Android return to FUSE? What was the limitation with SDCardFS? How did Google improve FUSE, and what problems does it still have?
• 38:44 - What is FUSE passthrough in Android 12? How does it improve performance?
• 40:22 - How will Android 13 change file access on Android?

Android Bytes is hosted by Mishaal Rahman, Senior Technical Editor, and David Ruddock, Editor in Chief, of Esper.

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