Here in Wisconsin, we had one of the worst air quality index levels ever this past week. Smoke from Canada's wildfires hung in the air, creating a thick haze. The smoke didn't bother me, but I assumed that some people would be extra sensitive to it. As the day progressed, I started thinking of ways people might protect themselves from the effects of wildfire air pollution, including the use of supplements or essential oils and other simple choices.

I also wondered, of course, how much of the hysteria about the air quality index was created by simply having an "Air Quality Index" to look at. It would be like having an app that notifies you of each crime as it happens in Minneapolis. Nobody would want to go there. We don't watch any mainstream media or local news, but I can imagine it was one of the top stories in the news cycle, creating unnecessary fear.

While Canada's wildfires might be at record levels, it isn't the first time in history that people have breathed in polluted air. But we've been conditioned to fear a lot more about everyday life in recent years. It's possible our adoption of a "safety culture" has made us more likely to freak out from a day of smoky air, whereas in the past we'd carry on with life without giving it much thought. Whichever the case, there are some things you can do to keep your lungs healthy in the midst of higher levels of smoke.

Use this as a guide when facing a similar circumstance as we were this past week, and remember that I'm referring to occasional exposure to poor air quality from wildfire smoke far away. I'm not referring to how to approach things if you're right next to the fire.

Wildfire Air Pollution and PM2.5

A raging wildfire, fueled by dry conditions and strong winds, sends billowing plumes of smoke into the atmosphere. This smoke isn't just a nuisance; it's a complex mixture of gases and fine particles that can have a significant impact on air quality, both locally and hundreds, even thousands, of miles away.Liu JC, Pereira G, Uhl SA, Bravo MA, Bell ML. A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke. Environ Res. 2015;136:120-132.

The primary concern regarding wildfire smoke is something known as PM2.5. This term refers to particulate matter that measures less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. For context, that's approximately 3% the diameter of a human hair."Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Trends". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2023. Their minuscule size allows these particles to stay aloft for long periods, infiltrating urban and rural areas alike.

You might wonder, "These particles are tiny. How much harm can they really do?" Don't let their size fool you. PM2.5 particles are so small they can bypass the body's natural defenses, infiltrating the deepest parts of your lungs and even entering your bloodstream.Pope CA 3rd, Bhatnagar A, McCracken JP, Abplanalp W, Conklin DJ, O'Toole T. Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With Endothelial Injury and Systemic Inflammation. Circ Res. 2016;119(11):1204-1214. This can trigger a cascade of health issues, particularly affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.Reid CE, Brauer M, Johnston FH, Jerrett M, Balmes JR, Elliott CT. Critical Review of Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke Exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(9):1334-1343.

How PM2.5 Impacts Your Lungs

Wildfire smoke, rich in these PM2.5 particles, is particularly problematic for people with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But even healthy people aren't immune to its effects. Exposure can lead to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain."Wildfire Smoke and Your Patients' Health". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2023.

For people with asthma, exposure to PM2.5 particles from wildfire smoke can trigger asthma attacks,