Conor McCabe sits down with CLEAR Conversations host, Tracy Sellers. At the CLEAR Center at UC Davis, researchers spend their days asking a big question with global stakes: how can we raise livestock in ways that are more climate-friendly? For PhD student Conor McCabe, now approaching the end of his fifth year in the Mitloehner Lab, that question has fueled not just one research project—but nearly an entire year of long days, early mornings, and a sprawling scientific effort that spans animals, microbes, emissions, and the future of food systems.

McCabe didn’t start out as a dairy kid. He grew up on a small farm in Oregon—“pretty much an Old McDonald’s farm,” he jokes—with pigs, cattle, pumpkins, and Christmas trees. His mother once served as a dairy princess, but dairy cattle weren’t part of Connor’s life until college. After studying animal science across Cornell, Purdue, and now UC Davis, he’s seen “different pockets of cows across the country,” as he puts it. But it wasn’t until arriving at Davis that he found the right intersection of ruminant biology and real-world impact.

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Because at the

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end of the day,

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what we're

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thinking about

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how can we

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improve nutrition,

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how can we reduce

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environmental impacts,

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and how can we help with

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the billions of people

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that are involved

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in livestock systems.

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Think about

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how do we create more

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sustainable food systems,

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at least for

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for the rest of my

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my career here.

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Welcome to

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Clear Conversations.

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You know,

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the clear center.

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Our researchers

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are testing ways

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to make livestock

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more climate friendly.

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And today,

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we're going to be talking

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to one of

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those researchers.

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His name is

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Conor McCabe,

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and he's a

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PhD student in the

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Mitloehner lab.

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He is working

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with feed additives

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with dairy cows.

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And he's going to tell us

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a little bit

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about his research today.

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Conor,

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thanks for joining us.

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I'm so happy to be here

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and looking

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forward to it.

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All right.

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We are looking forward

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to talking to you.

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So first of all,

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tell us a little bit

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about yourself

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and your background.

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You've done a lot,

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even

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before you came to UC

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Davis. You've done a lot.

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So tell us a little bit

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about that. Yeah.

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So I'm currently

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wrapping up

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the fifth year of my,

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my PhD here at Davis.

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The last couple of months

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of my time

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is coming up here,

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but I'm originally

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from the West Coast,

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originally from Oregon

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as my hometown where

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my family has a

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small farm where we have,

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pigs,

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cattle, Christmas

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trees, pumpkins,

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all that order.

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So a big

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old McDonald farm,

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and that got my interest

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in animal science.

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And then

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I went to New York,

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to Cornell for undergrad,

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did a masters at Purdue,

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and now

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I've come here to UC

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Davis.

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There's cows

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across the country.

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So I've kind of seen

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a little different

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pockets of,

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cows throughout my work.

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My mom was a dairy

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princess growing up,

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but we had no,

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no experience

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or affiliation

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with dairy cattle myself

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because the cows

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were sold off

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before I was born.

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But it came

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on back to me,

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and I've since

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been involved

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ever since here

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with different

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research projects

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across different places

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of the country.

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And I knew all along

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that I had an interest

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in coming back

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to the West Coast.

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I had an interest in,

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looking

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at the

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environmental

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opportunities

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in animal agriculture.

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And UC Davis

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was really the place

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for that to be

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and for me to come to.

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So,

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this lab and this

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opportunity here

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with Dr. Mitloehner

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really checked

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all those boxes

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and then led into me

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coming here to

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to Davis five years ago.

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Where were I

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I know

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I'm in

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the final stages

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right now, so why

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why dairy cows

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and why sustainability?

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Why was that

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interesting to you?

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Why did you know

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you wanted to do that?

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Yeah.

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So I think there's

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I mean, it's

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one of the hottest topics

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for sure right now.

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You know,

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I had a lot of

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opportunities with pigs,

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and that's

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actually my first

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entryway to,

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to livestock.

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But then when I

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went to undergrad,

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the only opportunity

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to get involved

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in production

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agriculture was

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dairy cattle.

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Because that's

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what Cornell offered.

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And, you know, at

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first

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I started learning more.

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So I gained

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a liking to it.

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And then really

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seeing opportunities

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are open to you

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through what

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I had in undergrad,

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from research,

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from teaching, from,

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on farm opportunities.

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You know,

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no dairy farm

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is the same, you know,

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in terms of management,

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in terms

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of different practices,

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in terms

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of what different

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situations,

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are spread out

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and like the different

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management strategies.

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I felt like, wow,

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this is really cool.

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There's a lot of

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opportunities here.

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Plus, I

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really enjoy butter,

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ice cream, cheese,

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like many of us do

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other points

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So it's been,

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been a cool opportunity point

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But I know a lot of

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people are interested

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about sustainability

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and thinking about

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what is

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the role of dairy cattle

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in livestock systems.

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And, you know,

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I have those

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same questions, too,

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coming up, in terms

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of what our opportunities

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here, where

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where do cattle fit

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to the climate systems

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and what,

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what role do they play

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and thinking about

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food systems

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as a whole and so,

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California,

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of course,

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has many different forces

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that are all combined

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in this nexus right here.

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And so I wanted to,

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to pursue

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this pathway

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and think about

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what are

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some real opportunities.

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And this is

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this field

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is exponential growing.

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And it's still going

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to continue

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that exponential

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growth here going forward

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in terms of

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thinking about

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how do we continue

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to have animals

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part of food system

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sustainability solutions.

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And speaking about that,

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let's talk

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about ruminant animals

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and what makes them so

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complex and unique.

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And what is a ruminant animal

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explain that to us

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a little bit.

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Yeah.

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So ruminant

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animals are animals

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that have specific

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four chambered stomachs.

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So they've evolved

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over thousands

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of thousands of years.

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And this isn't

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not just include cattle

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or goats or sheep

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that we have, you know,

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on, farms

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here in California

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across the US.

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But this also includes

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the deer,

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the bison,

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the wild animals, too.

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In order

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for them to predominantly,

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consume their diets

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that are high in fiber

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and things that humans

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can't consume.

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They utilize

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this different

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chambered stomach

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to help

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break down the fiber,

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thanks to the help

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of microbes

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present in the gut.

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And so in order

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for them to consume feed,

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of course, they have to,

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have microbes to aid in

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that digestion

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of what they consume.

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But then there's

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also a trade off

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in byproduct that

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that methane is produced,

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as a result of that

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fermentation break down

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process in the gut.

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So, thinking about

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how can you still provide

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for animals

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and think about

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what they

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need

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and how they've evolved,

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while also limiting

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methane emissions

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at the same time

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Is this counterbalance,

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place that we

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we think about

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what are opportunities

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to find solutions

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that 

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maximize animal health

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and what they've evolved,

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to consume.

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But also,

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how can we

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essentially limit

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or reduce

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those methane emissions

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produced that way

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as well?

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And one of those

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possible solutions

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are feed additives

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And that's what you're

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working on.

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Explain your research

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a little bit to us.

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Yeah, so feed additives.

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You know, I love

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to use the analogy

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of how we

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where we feed

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animals

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is basically a casserole.

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So we take

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everything together,

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we take the haze,

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we take the byproducts,

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and we mix them

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all together

00:05:46:21 - 00:05:47:15

so that, you know,

00:05:47:15 - 00:05:47:20

when you're

00:05:47:20 - 00:05:49:03

taking a scoop of

00:05:49:03 - 00:05:49:18

that casserole,

00:05:49:18 - 00:05:50:05

you're not just

00:05:50:05 - 00:05:51:09

getting the,

00:05:51:09 - 00:05:52:19

the pasta

00:05:52:19 - 00:05:53:07

the noodles

00:05:53:07 - 00:05:53:19

or the sauce.

00:05:53:19 - 00:05:54:11

You're getting everything

00:05:54:11 - 00:05:55:20

involved in that.

00:05:55:20 - 00:05:56:10

The additives, it's

00:05:56:10 - 00:05:56:19

just like

00:05:56:19 - 00:05:57:16

the small spices

00:05:57:16 - 00:05:58:04

that you add on

00:05:58:04 - 00:05:58:19

on top of it

00:05:58:19 - 00:05:59:04

before you

00:05:59:04 - 00:05:59:18

put it in the oven.

00:05:59:18 - 00:06:00:16

There.

00:06:00:16 - 00:06:01:00

So these are

00:06:01:00 - 00:06:02:14

small, components

00:06:02:14 - 00:06:03:07

that have the ability

00:06:03:07 - 00:06:04:18

to make a big impact

00:06:04:18 - 00:06:05:13

on emissions

00:06:05:13 - 00:06:06:17

because they can do

00:06:06:17 - 00:06:07:06

two things.

00:06:07:06 - 00:06:07:22

They can do one,

00:06:07:22 - 00:06:09:02

they can inhibit

00:06:09:02 - 00:06:10:00

the pathway

00:06:10:00 - 00:06:10:17

or the enzymes

00:06:10:17 - 00:06:11:08

that are responsible

00:06:11:08 - 00:06:12:18

for methane formation

00:06:12:18 - 00:06:13:15

or they can make it

00:06:13:15 - 00:06:14:16

less favorable to form

00:06:14:16 - 00:06:15:03

methane in the

00:06:15:03 - 00:06:16:08

first place.

00:06:16:08 - 00:06:17:05

Two classifications.

00:06:17:05 - 00:06:18:01

The first one there

00:06:18:01 - 00:06:18:15

that I talked about

00:06:18:15 - 00:06:19:09

be inhibitors,

00:06:19:09 - 00:06:20:03

the second one will be

00:06:20:03 - 00:06:21:10

rumen modifiers there

00:06:21:10 - 00:06:22:07

that in small amounts

00:06:22:07 - 00:06:23:16

can have impacts anywhere

00:06:23:16 - 00:06:24:15

from about 10

00:06:24:15 - 00:06:26:05

to 30% reductions.

00:06:26:05 - 00:06:28:02

Wow, wow.

00:06:28:02 - 00:06:28:22

So tell us a little bit

00:06:28:22 - 00:06:29:18

about the research study

00:06:29:18 - 00:06:30:07

that you've been

00:06:30:07 - 00:06:30:21

a part of here,

00:06:30:21 - 00:06:31:22

how big it is.

00:06:31:22 - 00:06:32:16

And just

00:06:32:16 - 00:06:33:06

I mean, just tell us

00:06:33:06 - 00:06:33:20

a little bit about it

00:06:33:20 - 00:06:34:15

because it is amazing.

00:06:34:15 - 00:06:34:22

Yeah.

00:06:34:22 - 00:06:35:22

So it's been going on

00:06:35:22 - 00:06:39:02

for almost

00:06:39:04 - 00:06:39:20

almost a year.

00:06:39:20 - 00:06:40:03

We're going to

00:06:40:03 - 00:06:40:14

approaching that

00:06:40:14 - 00:06:41:02

at this point

00:06:41:02 - 00:06:41:16

and still not

00:06:41:16 - 00:06:42:18

even halfway over.

00:06:42:18 - 00:06:43:18

So it is

00:06:43:18 - 00:06:45:14

it's a long haul.

00:06:45:14 - 00:06:46:16

Coming here.

00:06:46:16 - 00:06:47:13

at Davis,

00:06:47:13 - 00:06:48:01

we’re working with

00:06:48:01 - 00:06:49:18

the molecule,

00:06:49:18 - 00:06:51:14

3-Nitrooxypropanol

00:06:51:14 - 00:06:52:13

or how we're going to

00:06:52:13 - 00:06:53:07

to refer it on

00:06:53:07 - 00:06:53:19

out here,

00:06:53:19 - 00:06:54:20

just say 3-NOP

00:06:54:20 - 00:06:56:02

because that's,

00:06:56:02 - 00:06:56:18

a little bit easier

00:06:56:18 - 00:06:57:08

for on the

00:06:57:08 - 00:06:59:02

on the eyes and ears.

00:06:59:02 - 00:07:00:07

3-NOP is a product

00:07:00:07 - 00:07:00:21

that's coming

00:07:00:21 - 00:07:01:07

commercially

00:07:01:07 - 00:07:02:03

available here

00:07:02:03 - 00:07:02:22

in California, though

00:07:02:22 - 00:07:03:07

different

00:07:03:07 - 00:07:04:04

different companies

00:07:04:04 - 00:07:04:17

in many

00:07:04:17 - 00:07:05:07

different countries

00:07:05:07 - 00:07:05:18

around the world.

00:07:05:18 - 00:07:07:10

But it's been,

00:07:07:12 - 00:07:08:07

approved by different

00:07:08:07 - 00:07:09:15

regulatory groups.

00:07:09:15 - 00:07:10:18

And,

00:07:10:18 - 00:07:11:13

it has the opportunity

00:07:11:13 - 00:07:11:23

to reduce

00:07:11:23 - 00:07:12:16

methane emissions

00:07:12:16 - 00:07:13:00

by anywhere

00:07:13:00 - 00:07:14:07

from about 20 to 30%,

00:07:14:07 - 00:07:15:11

depending on the study,

00:07:15:11 - 00:07:16:08

depending on

00:07:16:08 - 00:07:16:23

what what

00:07:16:23 - 00:07:18:09

animals are fed.

00:07:18:09 - 00:07:18:22

Because of course

00:07:18:22 - 00:07:19:14

there's interactions,

00:07:19:14 - 00:07:20:02

of course, when

00:07:20:02 - 00:07:21:01

the animals eat

00:07:21:01 - 00:07:21:19

to how much methane

00:07:21:19 - 00:07:22:07

they produce

00:07:22:07 - 00:07:23:02

and how well this

00:07:23:02 - 00:07:24:18

3-NOP works.

00:07:24:18 - 00:07:25:01

Well,

00:07:25:01 - 00:07:25:21

our goal for this

00:07:25:21 - 00:07:28:09

project is is looking at

00:07:28:09 - 00:07:29:09

you know,

00:07:29:09 - 00:07:30:08

I talked about animals

00:07:30:08 - 00:07:30:20

evolving

00:07:30:20 - 00:07:31:19

for a ruminant stomach

00:07:31:19 - 00:07:34:06

over thousands of years.

00:07:34:06 - 00:07:36:05

But these,

00:07:36:05 - 00:07:37:08

digestive systems of cows

00:07:37:08 - 00:07:38:18

have never seen something

00:07:38:18 - 00:07:39:20

that would inhibit

00:07:39:20 - 00:07:41:05

methane production.

00:07:41:05 - 00:07:42:13

For this period of time.

00:07:42:13 - 00:07:43:15

So could

00:07:43:15 - 00:07:45:01

the microbes in the gut

00:07:45:01 - 00:07:46:18

essentially work around

00:07:46:18 - 00:07:49:03

these stressors?

00:07:49:03 - 00:07:49:18

Because that's essential.

00:07:49:18 - 00:07:50:04

what they are

00:07:50:04 - 00:07:52:05

They're disrupting what,

00:07:52:05 - 00:07:52:20

what would have

00:07:52:20 - 00:07:54:02

historically been a

00:07:54:02 - 00:07:54:19

natural part

00:07:54:19 - 00:07:56:09

of digestion there.

00:07:56:09 - 00:07:57:05

And so

00:07:57:05 - 00:07:57:22

we're looking

00:07:57:22 - 00:07:58:15

interested to see

00:07:58:15 - 00:07:59:11

are emission reductions

00:07:59:11 - 00:08:00:07

the same on day

00:08:00:07 - 00:08:01:20

one as they are on day

00:08:01:20 - 00:08:03:11

500 plus.

00:08:03:11 - 00:08:04:18

Is the real interest here

00:08:04:18 - 00:08:05:18

because there's

00:08:05:18 - 00:08:06:14

there's folks

00:08:06:14 - 00:08:07:09

in the dairy industry,

00:08:07:09 - 00:08:08:01

there's folks

00:08:08:01 - 00:08:09:14

who are milk buyers

00:08:09:14 - 00:08:10:00

and trying

00:08:10:00 - 00:08:11:19

to figure out their own,

00:08:11:19 - 00:08:13:03

solutions for their own

00:08:13:03 - 00:08:14:00

milk supply chain

00:08:14:00 - 00:08:15:19

and carbon associations

00:08:15:19 - 00:08:18:05

to figure out,

00:08:18:07 - 00:08:19:05

can we utilize

00:08:19:05 - 00:08:20:02

this feed additive

00:08:20:02 - 00:08:22:06

as a solution today,

00:08:22:06 - 00:08:25:00

next year, next decade?

00:08:25:00 - 00:08:25:20

As we think about

00:08:25:20 - 00:08:26:14

trying to

00:08:26:14 - 00:08:28:04

permanently reduce

00:08:28:04 - 00:08:29:10

methane emissions

00:08:29:10 - 00:08:30:05

long term here

00:08:30:05 - 00:08:30:22

in California.

00:08:30:22 - 00:08:31:19

Wow.

00:08:31:19 - 00:08:32:16

So how big is this?

00:08:32:16 - 00:08:32:21

I mean,

00:08:32:21 - 00:08:33:14

how many cows

00:08:33:14 - 00:08:34:11

can we talk about that?

00:08:34:11 - 00:08:34:20

Yeah.

00:08:34:20 - 00:08:35:14

And the scope

00:08:35:14 - 00:08:36:10

and size and scale.

00:08:36:10 - 00:08:38:02

So you know, right now

00:08:38:02 - 00:08:40:04

we currently have 66

00:08:40:04 - 00:08:41:18

cows on study.

00:08:41:18 - 00:08:42:10

When you look at the

00:08:42:10 - 00:08:43:14

UC Davis dairy,

00:08:43:14 - 00:08:44:19

that's about two thirds

00:08:44:19 - 00:08:45:06

the animals.

00:08:45:06 - 00:08:46:00

So

00:08:46:00 - 00:08:46:21

so we're basically feeding

00:08:46:21 - 00:08:48:10

the entire dairy of cows

00:08:48:10 - 00:08:49:08

every single

00:08:49:08 - 00:08:50:04

morning in the night,

00:08:50:04 - 00:08:51:09

which is a lot of work.

00:08:51:09 - 00:08:51:19

And there's a whole

00:08:51:19 - 00:08:52:04

bunch of people

00:08:52:04 - 00:08:52:15

that are involved

00:08:52:15 - 00:08:53:10

in making this happen

00:08:53:10 - 00:08:54:22

from other grad students,

00:08:54:22 - 00:08:55:18

junior specialists,

00:08:55:18 - 00:08:57:23

postdocs, undergrads,

00:08:57:23 - 00:08:58:14

who are all putting

00:08:58:14 - 00:08:59:09

in a lot of hours

00:08:59:09 - 00:09:00:01

and making

00:09:00:01 - 00:09:01:03

this all happen every

00:09:01:03 - 00:09:02:23

single day of the year.

00:09:03:01 - 00:09:03:21

And, you know,

00:09:03:21 - 00:09:05:12

it's going to be

00:09:05:12 - 00:09:06:15

have a big celebration

00:09:06:15 - 00:09:07:03

for sure.

00:09:07:03 - 00:09:07:21

When it's all

00:09:07:21 - 00:09:09:08

going to be done

00:09:09:08 - 00:09:10:02

when they

00:09:10:02 - 00:09:10:16

when we finally

00:09:10:16 - 00:09:11:06

figure out that,

00:09:11:06 - 00:09:11:17

that final,

00:09:11:17 - 00:09:12:10

they’d have to pencil

00:09:12:10 - 00:09:14:16

that in and figure out,

00:09:14:16 - 00:09:15:08

where, what

00:09:15:08 - 00:09:16:00

what celebration

00:09:16:00 - 00:09:16:18

we're going to do then.

00:09:16:18 - 00:09:18:07

But, yeah,

00:09:18:07 - 00:09:19:01

it's a whole lot

00:09:19:01 - 00:09:19:21

of combinations.

00:09:19:21 - 00:09:21:02

And they’re so different

00:09:21:02 - 00:09:21:20

many offsets

00:09:21:20 - 00:09:22:13

that we're looking at.

00:09:22:13 - 00:09:24:13

How does this impact,

00:09:24:13 - 00:09:25:05

the whole animal.

00:09:25:05 - 00:09:25:20

So how does it

00:09:25:20 - 00:09:27:10

impacts, emissions?

00:09:27:10 - 00:09:28:11

How does it impact animal

00:09:28:11 - 00:09:28:21

health,

00:09:28:21 - 00:09:30:23

animal production?

00:09:30:23 - 00:09:32:06

The microbiome

00:09:32:06 - 00:09:33:20

are also other,

00:09:33:20 - 00:09:34:04

pieces

00:09:34:04 - 00:09:35:06

that we're interested in.

00:09:35:06 - 00:09:35:23

So there's,

00:09:35:23 - 00:09:36:11

there's many

00:09:36:11 - 00:09:38:10

different components.

00:09:38:10 - 00:09:39:17

Because who knows

00:09:39:17 - 00:09:40:15

if and when this,

00:09:40:15 - 00:09:41:00

this study

00:09:41:00 - 00:09:41:16

will be replicated

00:09:41:16 - 00:09:43:08

because, you know,

00:09:43:08 - 00:09:44:01

we may have,

00:09:44:01 - 00:09:45:00

have done all this work

00:09:45:00 - 00:09:45:12

and been like,

00:09:45:12 - 00:09:46:05

that's a lot of work.

00:09:46:05 - 00:09:46:20

And maybe

00:09:46:20 - 00:09:47:18

no one else for,

00:09:47:18 - 00:09:48:09

for any other piece

00:09:48:09 - 00:09:49:03

is going to want

00:09:49:03 - 00:09:49:20

to pursue that.

00:09:49:20 - 00:09:51:04

So it's

00:09:51:04 - 00:09:52:05

certainly exciting piece

00:09:52:05 - 00:09:53:09

to be part of helping

00:09:53:09 - 00:09:54:21

set up and play a role

00:09:54:21 - 00:09:56:04

in taking part

00:09:56:04 - 00:09:58:03

in this at this time.

00:09:58:05 - 00:10:00:17

And excited to see,

00:10:00:17 - 00:10:01:16

when those results

00:10:01:16 - 00:10:02:11

come out, you know, no

00:10:02:11 - 00:10:02:21

guarantee

00:10:02:21 - 00:10:03:14

when that's going to be,

00:10:03:14 - 00:10:05:13

but it's going to be

00:10:05:13 - 00:10:06:00

we're going to say

00:10:06:00 - 00:10:07:10

at least a few years

00:10:07:10 - 00:10:07:22

from now

00:10:07:22 - 00:10:08:14

until till

00:10:08:14 - 00:10:09:07

those conclusions

00:10:09:07 - 00:10:10:16

are brought together.

00:10:10:16 - 00:10:11:00

And you're

00:10:11:00 - 00:10:11:22

just logistically,

00:10:11:22 - 00:10:12:18

I mean, how

00:10:12:18 - 00:10:13:13

how long does it take

00:10:13:13 - 00:10:14:09

to get the cattle

00:10:14:09 - 00:10:15:09

kind of acclimated

00:10:15:09 - 00:10:16:12

to the feed additive?

00:10:16:12 - 00:10:17:04

How do you give them

00:10:17:04 - 00:10:17:21

the feed additive?

00:10:17:21 - 00:10:18:10

Tell us a little bit

00:10:18:10 - 00:10:19:21

about that process. Yes.

00:10:19:21 - 00:10:21:07

So our feed additive

00:10:21:07 - 00:10:22:23

that we're utilizing,

00:10:22:23 - 00:10:24:21

we are

00:10:24:21 - 00:10:25:16

it is a very

00:10:25:16 - 00:10:26:04

small amount,

00:10:26:04 - 00:10:26:11

you know,

00:10:26:11 - 00:10:27:10

I could hold in my hand

00:10:27:10 - 00:10:28:03

right here

00:10:28:03 - 00:10:29:07

how much each animal

00:10:29:07 - 00:10:30:16

is consuming per day.

00:10:30:16 - 00:10:32:06

So we think

00:10:32:06 - 00:10:33:00

about an animal

00:10:33:00 - 00:10:33:14

and I want to just

00:10:33:14 - 00:10:34:08

point out that

00:10:34:08 - 00:10:36:02

an average for,

00:10:36:02 - 00:10:36:15

for cows,

00:10:36:15 - 00:10:37:03

they're consuming

00:10:37:03 - 00:10:38:06

anywhere from 100 to

00:10:38:06 - 00:10:39:01

110 pounds

00:10:39:01 - 00:10:40:17

of feed per day.

00:10:40:19 - 00:10:41:18

And so if I put

00:10:41:18 - 00:10:43:08

what's here in my hand,

00:10:43:08 - 00:10:44:09

you know, across

00:10:44:09 - 00:10:45:07

all that feed,

00:10:45:07 - 00:10:47:06

it's pretty.

00:10:47:06 - 00:10:49:03

Pretty,

00:10:49:03 - 00:10:50:02

hard to,

00:10:50:02 - 00:10:50:22

to for them

00:10:50:22 - 00:10:52:00

to sniff it out or taste.

00:10:52:00 - 00:10:53:05

It's neutral.

00:10:53:05 - 00:10:54:13

Neutral,

00:10:54:13 - 00:10:55:07

neutral smelling.

00:10:55:07 - 00:10:56:12

So it's not

00:10:56:12 - 00:10:57:06

palatability

00:10:57:06 - 00:10:58:04

is not so much

00:10:58:04 - 00:10:59:11

an issue for that.

00:10:59:11 - 00:11:00:03

But what we do

00:11:00:03 - 00:11:00:22

to help mask

00:11:00:22 - 00:11:01:07

it in

00:11:01:07 - 00:11:02:16

is we add it to the feed

00:11:02:16 - 00:11:04:22

and let it mix through,

00:11:04:22 - 00:11:06:05

our casserole here.

00:11:06:05 - 00:11:06:20

So that way

00:11:06:20 - 00:11:08:04

that it gets blended up

00:11:08:04 - 00:11:09:17

and so that hopefully

00:11:09:17 - 00:11:10:23

our goal is that in each

00:11:10:23 - 00:11:11:13

and every bite

00:11:11:13 - 00:11:12:15

that cows are consuming,

00:11:12:15 - 00:11:13:06

that they're getting

00:11:13:06 - 00:11:13:18

a little bit

00:11:13:18 - 00:11:14:09

of the additive

00:11:14:09 - 00:11:14:21

as they go.

00:11:14:21 - 00:11:15:09

So that way

00:11:15:09 - 00:11:16:17

it's not a whole bunch

00:11:16:17 - 00:11:17:17

at one point in time.

00:11:17:17 - 00:11:18:08

It's not

00:11:18:08 - 00:11:19:05

there's none here.

00:11:19:05 - 00:11:20:11

So that way,

00:11:20:11 - 00:11:21:08

cows can can

00:11:21:08 - 00:11:22:05

continuously consume it

00:11:22:05 - 00:11:22:18

throughout the day

00:11:22:18 - 00:11:24:04

because this additive

00:11:24:04 - 00:11:25:20

has a limited lifespan

00:11:25:20 - 00:11:27:05

or active life

00:11:27:05 - 00:11:27:23

when it's present

00:11:27:23 - 00:11:28:16

in the gut.

00:11:28:16 - 00:11:29:06

So it has to be

00:11:29:06 - 00:11:29:19

continuously

00:11:29:19 - 00:11:30:23

consumed over time

00:11:30:23 - 00:11:31:06

in order

00:11:31:06 - 00:11:33:02

to have the same effect.

00:11:33:02 - 00:11:33:12

It'd be great

00:11:33:12 - 00:11:34:01

if we could feed it

00:11:34:01 - 00:11:34:14

once a day

00:11:34:14 - 00:11:35:12

and then

00:11:35:12 - 00:11:36:19

have a long term effect,

00:11:36:19 - 00:11:38:08

but unfortunately it's

00:11:38:08 - 00:11:39:02

it has to be

00:11:39:02 - 00:11:39:21

continuously fed

00:11:39:21 - 00:11:41:05

as it's broken down

00:11:41:05 - 00:11:42:07

and passed

00:11:42:07 - 00:11:42:19

out of the animal

00:11:42:19 - 00:11:43:11

at that point.

00:11:43:11 - 00:11:44:02

Make your life a

00:11:44:02 - 00:11:46:09

whole lot easier.

00:11:46:11 - 00:11:46:22

And then from

00:11:46:22 - 00:11:47:07

there, how do

00:11:47:07 - 00:11:47:16

you measure

00:11:47:16 - 00:11:48:07

the emissions?

00:11:48:07 - 00:11:48:23

How do you kind

00:11:48:23 - 00:11:49:10

of understand

00:11:49:10 - 00:11:50:18

if it's working or not?

00:11:50:18 - 00:11:51:01

Yeah.

00:11:51:01 - 00:11:51:23

So we have many

00:11:51:23 - 00:11:52:16

different techniques

00:11:52:16 - 00:11:53:14

that we could utilize

00:11:53:14 - 00:11:54:20

for how we,

00:11:54:20 - 00:11:56:21

accomplish this on farms.

00:11:56:21 - 00:11:57:05

You know,

00:11:57:05 - 00:11:58:06

I think everyone

00:11:58:06 - 00:11:59:05

is interested

00:11:59:05 - 00:12:00:05

and they're wondering,

00:12:00:05 - 00:12:00:18

especially

00:12:00:18 - 00:12:01:09

the undergrads,

00:12:01:09 - 00:12:01:22

when they first come

00:12:01:22 - 00:12:02:08

to the project

00:12:02:08 - 00:12:02:16

that they're like,

00:12:02:16 - 00:12:03:07

how do we actually

00:12:03:07 - 00:12:03:18

measure them?

00:12:03:18 - 00:12:04:02

They're thinking

00:12:04:02 - 00:12:05:01

that they have to chase

00:12:05:01 - 00:12:05:09

the animals

00:12:05:09 - 00:12:06:03

around with bags

00:12:06:03 - 00:12:07:12

or how do we

00:12:07:12 - 00:12:08:08

how do we capture

00:12:08:08 - 00:12:09:02

the emissions

00:12:09:02 - 00:12:09:13

at that point?

00:12:09:13 - 00:12:10:13

You know,

00:12:10:13 - 00:12:11:20

but we have these,

00:12:11:20 - 00:12:13:02

units that are called

00:12:13:02 - 00:12:14:12

greenfeeds.

00:12:14:12 - 00:12:15:06

And the closest thing

00:12:15:06 - 00:12:15:20

that I can say

00:12:15:20 - 00:12:16:13

is that they're basically

00:12:16:13 - 00:12:18:11

breathalyzers for cows

00:12:18:11 - 00:12:20:08

and that the cows are,

00:12:20:08 - 00:12:21:08

individually trained.

00:12:21:08 - 00:12:22:00

Some are easier

00:12:22:00 - 00:12:23:04

than others,

00:12:23:04 - 00:12:24:19

to walk up to a machine,

00:12:24:19 - 00:12:25:12

and they have

00:12:25:12 - 00:12:26:12

tags in each

00:12:26:12 - 00:12:27:12

one of their ears

00:12:27:12 - 00:12:29:11

that says that this cow

00:12:29:11 - 00:12:31:12

cow a b

00:12:31:12 - 00:12:31:18

or call

00:12:31:18 - 00:12:32:20

Abigail and bessy

00:12:32:20 - 00:12:34:12

for that reason,

00:12:34:12 - 00:12:35:08

they come up to

00:12:35:08 - 00:12:36:10

to the machine

00:12:36:10 - 00:12:37:06

and then it says,

00:12:37:06 - 00:12:38:01

Abigail's here.

00:12:38:01 - 00:12:38:18

So then it drops

00:12:38:18 - 00:12:39:15

a little bit of feed

00:12:39:15 - 00:12:40:21

for them to consume.

00:12:40:21 - 00:12:41:17

And while they're eating,

00:12:41:17 - 00:12:42:04

they're

00:12:42:04 - 00:12:43:00

they're constantly

00:12:43:00 - 00:12:43:23

belching and burping

00:12:43:23 - 00:12:44:15

methane throughout

00:12:44:15 - 00:12:45:13

the day.

00:12:45:13 - 00:12:46:09

And we're also interested

00:12:46:09 - 00:12:47:06

in other gases

00:12:47:06 - 00:12:48:15

such as hydrogen, oxygen,

00:12:48:15 - 00:12:50:22

carbon dioxide, as those

00:12:50:22 - 00:12:52:22

can influence metabolism

00:12:52:22 - 00:12:54:02

and give us insights into

00:12:54:02 - 00:12:54:14

what is happening

00:12:54:14 - 00:12:55:17

at the animal level.

00:12:55:17 - 00:12:58:18

So understanding,

00:12:58:20 - 00:12:59:20

how long

00:12:59:20 - 00:13:00:11

animals are there

00:13:00:11 - 00:13:01:05

Theyr’e usually there

00:13:01:05 - 00:13:02:01

at the greenfeed

00:13:02:01 - 00:13:04:09

for about 2 to 3 minutes.

00:13:04:09 - 00:13:05:12

Sometimes some animals

00:13:05:12 - 00:13:06:11

stay longer up

00:13:06:11 - 00:13:08:06

to 5 minutes.

00:13:08:06 - 00:13:09:07

And we take those samples

00:13:09:07 - 00:13:09:21

at different time

00:13:09:21 - 00:13:11:04

points today.

00:13:11:04 - 00:13:11:20

Because of course,

00:13:11:20 - 00:13:12:04

like you

00:13:12:04 - 00:13:12:22

and I, you know,

00:13:12:22 - 00:13:14:14

we consume meals

00:13:14:14 - 00:13:14:22

at different

00:13:14:22 - 00:13:16:07

times of day.

00:13:16:07 - 00:13:17:07

Sometimes we're sleeping.

00:13:17:07 - 00:13:18:08

So you can imagine cows

00:13:18:08 - 00:13:19:15

don't sleep like us,

00:13:19:15 - 00:13:20:16

but they're not eating

00:13:20:16 - 00:13:21:12

so much at night.

00:13:21:12 - 00:13:22:08

So their emissions

00:13:22:08 - 00:13:22:23

are lower

00:13:22:23 - 00:13:23:17

at that point of day.

00:13:23:17 - 00:13:24:18

Whereas after

00:13:24:18 - 00:13:25:20

they take their first big

00:13:25:20 - 00:13:26:14

morning meal

00:13:26:14 - 00:13:27:08

and then emissions

00:13:27:08 - 00:13:27:19

are going to peak.

00:13:27:19 - 00:13:28:07

So interested

00:13:28:07 - 00:13:28:19

in looking at

00:13:28:19 - 00:13:29:14

how do emissions

00:13:29:14 - 00:13:30:19

vary throughout the day.

00:13:30:19 - 00:13:31:15

So they try to come

00:13:31:15 - 00:13:31:22

and go

00:13:31:22 - 00:13:33:03

and get little treats.

00:13:33:03 - 00:13:34:10

Some can go five

00:13:34:10 - 00:13:35:08

six times a day,

00:13:35:08 - 00:13:36:00

which means

00:13:36:00 - 00:13:37:02

they're trying

00:13:37:02 - 00:13:37:09

to check

00:13:37:09 - 00:13:38:03

the candy machine

00:13:38:03 - 00:13:38:23

to see when it's,

00:13:38:23 - 00:13:40:20

whenever it's open.

00:13:40:20 - 00:13:42:22

To get this piece.

00:13:42:22 - 00:13:43:21

So they do not know that

00:13:43:21 - 00:13:44:10

their emissions

00:13:44:10 - 00:13:45:08

have been sampled.

00:13:45:08 - 00:13:45:20

They just think

00:13:45:20 - 00:13:47:04

they're getting a treat.

00:13:47:04 - 00:13:48:06

Which makes it easier,

00:13:48:06 - 00:13:49:14

easier on us to,

00:13:49:14 - 00:13:50:12

to get the data.

00:13:50:12 - 00:13:51:20

Just going to coax them

00:13:51:20 - 00:13:52:15

at first and learn

00:13:52:15 - 00:13:54:09

how to use the machine

00:13:54:09 - 00:13:55:02

and overall

00:13:55:02 - 00:13:55:17

feed additives.

00:13:55:17 - 00:13:56:05

They hold a lot

00:13:56:05 - 00:13:56:20

of promise.

00:13:56:20 - 00:13:57:05

Tell us

00:13:57:05 - 00:13:57:18

just a little bit

00:13:57:18 - 00:13:58:12

about that

00:13:58:12 - 00:13:59:21

and why

00:13:59:21 - 00:14:00:22

they hold so much promise

00:14:00:22 - 00:14:02:16

in mitigating methane.

00:14:02:16 - 00:14:03:00

Yeah.

00:14:03:00 - 00:14:03:23

So you know,

00:14:03:23 - 00:14:04:17

when thinking about,

00:14:04:17 - 00:14:06:12

you know, methane

00:14:06:12 - 00:14:07:12

mitigation, you know,

00:14:07:12 - 00:14:08:16

it's a it's

00:14:08:16 - 00:14:10:14

an up and coming,

00:14:10:16 - 00:14:11:11

area and topic.

00:14:11:11 - 00:14:12:22

And I think,

00:14:12:22 - 00:14:13:16

many countries around

00:14:13:16 - 00:14:13:21

the world

00:14:13:21 - 00:14:14:08

are figuring out

00:14:14:08 - 00:14:15:02

how to do it

00:14:15:02 - 00:14:16:08

because we have so many,

00:14:16:08 - 00:14:17:10

you know,

00:14:17:10 - 00:14:19:23

individual units to

00:14:19:23 - 00:14:21:13

to figure out,

00:14:21:13 - 00:14:22:00

and utilize.

00:14:22:00 - 00:14:23:10

And they talk about the

00:14:23:10 - 00:14:24:01

the downside of

00:14:24:01 - 00:14:24:10

that is

00:14:24:10 - 00:14:24:23

they have to be fed

00:14:24:23 - 00:14:25:21

every day.

00:14:25:21 - 00:14:26:10

But the big

00:14:26:10 - 00:14:27:04

benefit of them

00:14:27:04 - 00:14:28:04

is that

00:14:28:04 - 00:14:29:06

it's ongoing

00:14:29:06 - 00:14:29:23

with the practice

00:14:29:23 - 00:14:31:07

that producers

00:14:31:07 - 00:14:32:16

are already utilizing.

00:14:32:16 - 00:14:33:16

You know, in terms of

00:14:33:16 - 00:14:34:05

we already

00:14:34:05 - 00:14:35:03

utilize additives

00:14:35:03 - 00:14:35:16

that can help

00:14:35:16 - 00:14:36:17

with digestion.

00:14:36:17 - 00:14:38:14

we utilize additives

00:14:38:14 - 00:14:39:01

that can help

00:14:39:01 - 00:14:40:06

with animal health.

00:14:40:06 - 00:14:41:05

Think about

00:14:41:05 - 00:14:42:12

probiotics, prebiotics,

00:14:42:12 - 00:14:43:00

you know, that

00:14:43:00 - 00:14:43:18

we use for humans.

00:14:43:18 - 00:14:44:20

We also use for

00:14:44:20 - 00:14:46:03

for animals as well.

00:14:46:03 - 00:14:49:23

So utilizing a solution

00:14:49:23 - 00:14:51:02

that can one already

00:14:51:02 - 00:14:52:11

be utilized by producers.

00:14:52:11 - 00:14:53:01

You know, it's something

00:14:53:01 - 00:14:53:22

that you just readily

00:14:53:22 - 00:14:54:15

add to the feed

00:14:54:15 - 00:14:57:01

based on what is,

00:14:57:03 - 00:14:57:17

currently already

00:14:57:17 - 00:14:58:22

being done.

00:14:58:22 - 00:14:59:07

Can easily

00:14:59:07 - 00:15:00:10

be applied to that.

00:15:00:10 - 00:15:03:00

And so thinking about

00:15:03:00 - 00:15:03:17

there are a little bit

00:15:03:17 - 00:15:04:09

of technicalities

00:15:04:09 - 00:15:04:20

in terms of

00:15:04:20 - 00:15:05:08

how do you get

00:15:05:08 - 00:15:06:05

the right dosage

00:15:06:05 - 00:15:06:16

and how do you

00:15:06:16 - 00:15:07:20

get the right

00:15:07:20 - 00:15:09:02

consistency on farm

00:15:09:02 - 00:15:09:15

over time.

00:15:09:15 - 00:15:10:22

Because methane, it's

00:15:10:22 - 00:15:11:10

not something

00:15:11:10 - 00:15:12:07

you can easily measure,

00:15:12:07 - 00:15:14:10

like milk or growth

00:15:14:10 - 00:15:16:00

or production.

00:15:16:00 - 00:15:17:05

So thinking about

00:15:17:05 - 00:15:17:23

how do you

00:15:17:23 - 00:15:18:16

standardize that

00:15:18:16 - 00:15:19:12

and how do you

00:15:19:12 - 00:15:20:04

roll it out

00:15:20:04 - 00:15:20:19

has some certain

00:15:20:19 - 00:15:22:02

complexities to it.

00:15:22:02 - 00:15:22:13

But you know,

00:15:22:13 - 00:15:23:21

I think about today

00:15:23:21 - 00:15:25:08

we can feed cows down

00:15:25:08 - 00:15:26:09

to the individual

00:15:26:09 - 00:15:27:07

level of nutrition,

00:15:27:07 - 00:15:27:22

as I think I did

00:15:27:22 - 00:15:28:12

on the podcast

00:15:28:12 - 00:15:29:16

I've talked about here.

00:15:29:16 - 00:15:30:23

You know, I think we're

00:15:30:23 - 00:15:31:20

we are

00:15:31:20 - 00:15:32:22

not in the same front

00:15:32:22 - 00:15:33:14

on methane

00:15:33:14 - 00:15:34:11

environmental things,

00:15:34:11 - 00:15:35:11

but certainly with,

00:15:35:11 - 00:15:36:18

with more time and,

00:15:36:18 - 00:15:38:05

and

00:15:38:05 - 00:15:39:07

technology advances.

00:15:39:07 - 00:15:39:22

I think, you know, we'll

00:15:39:22 - 00:15:40:14

certainly be able

00:15:40:14 - 00:15:41:23

to say one day

00:15:41:23 - 00:15:44:07

that you can be checking

00:15:44:07 - 00:15:44:23

how much methane

00:15:44:23 - 00:15:45:07

or my cow

00:15:45:07 - 00:15:46:01

is producing today

00:15:46:01 - 00:15:46:13

based on it,

00:15:46:13 - 00:15:47:02

and it can be

00:15:47:02 - 00:15:47:12

a number

00:15:47:12 - 00:15:47:22

that's,

00:15:47:22 - 00:15:48:16

you know, up there

00:15:48:16 - 00:15:49:07

and synonymous

00:15:49:07 - 00:15:50:01

with what was milk

00:15:50:01 - 00:15:51:14

production today, as well

00:15:51:14 - 00:15:52:01

as potential

00:15:52:01 - 00:15:53:00

more real world

00:15:53:00 - 00:15:53:11

impact,

00:15:53:11 - 00:15:54:02

which we talk a lot

00:15:54:02 - 00:15:54:14

about at the

00:15:54:14 - 00:15:56:03

Clear Center.

00:15:56:03 - 00:15:56:11

And speaking

00:15:56:11 - 00:15:57:20

of real world impact,

00:15:57:20 - 00:15:58:17

tell me a little bit

00:15:58:17 - 00:15:59:23

about the hours

00:15:59:23 - 00:16:00:09

that you put

00:16:00:09 - 00:16:01:12

this is a real world job

00:16:01:12 - 00:16:02:10

that these

00:16:02:10 - 00:16:05:00

researchers do out at,

00:16:05:02 - 00:16:06:09

the dairy and out at

00:16:06:09 - 00:16:07:16

the feedlot

00:16:07:16 - 00:16:08:09

when you were in the

00:16:08:09 - 00:16:09:09

heart of this study.

00:16:09:09 - 00:16:09:22

I mean, tell us

00:16:09:22 - 00:16:10:15

about the hours,

00:16:10:15 - 00:16:10:23

what time

00:16:10:23 - 00:16:11:11

you would get out

00:16:11:11 - 00:16:12:04

at the dairy,

00:16:12:04 - 00:16:13:01

what time you would

00:16:13:01 - 00:16:14:05

leave the dairy,

00:16:14:05 - 00:16:14:15

how many people

00:16:14:15 - 00:16:15:06

were working on

00:16:15:06 - 00:16:15:14

the study?

00:16:15:14 - 00:16:15:22

Just tell us

00:16:15:22 - 00:16:16:16

a little bit about that,

00:16:16:16 - 00:16:17:02

because I think

00:16:17:02 - 00:16:17:15

it's amazing.

00:16:17:15 - 00:16:19:05

I brag on you guys a lot

00:16:19:05 - 00:16:19:22

because when we're

00:16:19:22 - 00:16:20:17

having vacation

00:16:20:17 - 00:16:21:09

or we're

00:16:21:09 - 00:16:22:14

having a weekend,

00:16:22:14 - 00:16:23:02

you guys are

00:16:23:02 - 00:16:24:01

still working.

00:16:24:01 - 00:16:24:07

Yeah.

00:16:24:07 - 00:16:25:02

I mean,

00:16:25:02 - 00:16:25:17

there was

00:16:25:17 - 00:16:26:14

this period of time

00:16:26:14 - 00:16:28:07

where, you know, I didn't

00:16:28:07 - 00:16:29:17

I saw my house,

00:16:29:17 - 00:16:30:18

I saw the dairy farm,

00:16:30:18 - 00:16:31:09

and I saw

00:16:31:09 - 00:16:32:16

the lab here in Meyer

00:16:32:16 - 00:16:33:04

and the

00:16:33:04 - 00:16:33:17

maybe the grocery

00:16:33:17 - 00:16:34:04

store too.

00:16:34:04 - 00:16:35:04

That was the only

00:16:35:04 - 00:16:36:04

one that too.

00:16:36:04 - 00:16:37:13

but besides that,

00:16:37:13 - 00:16:37:21

you know,

00:16:37:21 - 00:16:38:16

every single morning,

00:16:38:16 - 00:16:39:07

it's not just me.

00:16:39:07 - 00:16:39:18

There's a lot

00:16:39:18 - 00:16:40:11

of other undergrads,

00:16:40:11 - 00:16:41:04

a lot of other folks

00:16:41:04 - 00:16:41:13

that are working

00:16:41:13 - 00:16:42:01

on the project

00:16:42:01 - 00:16:42:12

to make this

00:16:42:12 - 00:16:43:10

all happen now

00:16:43:10 - 00:16:44:15

and into the future.

00:16:44:15 - 00:16:46:18

But, when we start,

00:16:46:18 - 00:16:47:19

when they start milking

00:16:47:19 - 00:16:48:15

cows, each

00:16:48:15 - 00:16:50:12

morning at 4 a.m.

00:16:50:14 - 00:16:51:19

And cows

00:16:51:19 - 00:16:52:14

get milked twice a day,

00:16:52:14 - 00:16:53:10

so that's 4 a.m.

00:16:53:10 - 00:16:54:20

And 4 p.m.

00:16:54:20 - 00:16:55:06

And that can

00:16:55:06 - 00:16:55:22

last anywhere

00:16:55:22 - 00:16:58:09

from 3 to 4 hours,

00:16:58:09 - 00:16:59:07

to feed

00:16:59:07 - 00:17:00:03

every single animal.

00:17:00:03 - 00:17:01:04

Because we have several

00:17:01:04 - 00:17:01:23

different diets

00:17:01:23 - 00:17:02:18

across several

00:17:02:18 - 00:17:03:23

different points in time.

00:17:03:23 - 00:17:05:12

Plus we have to take

00:17:05:12 - 00:17:05:21

figure out

00:17:05:21 - 00:17:06:16

what they didn't eat

00:17:06:16 - 00:17:07:06

so we can figure out

00:17:07:06 - 00:17:08:03

how much to feed them

00:17:08:03 - 00:17:08:11

for the

00:17:08:11 - 00:17:09:17

for the following day.

00:17:09:17 - 00:17:10:21

And so it's,

00:17:10:21 - 00:17:11:10

it's this,

00:17:11:10 - 00:17:12:16

this very

00:17:12:16 - 00:17:13:08

intricate system,

00:17:13:08 - 00:17:13:15

you know,

00:17:13:15 - 00:17:14:17

I’d love to just show up

00:17:14:17 - 00:17:15:08

and just be able to

00:17:15:08 - 00:17:16:10

feed all the animals

00:17:16:10 - 00:17:18:06

one given feed

00:17:18:06 - 00:17:19:05

But we got to figure out,

00:17:19:05 - 00:17:19:22

you know, exactly

00:17:19:22 - 00:17:21:09

what to do,

00:17:21:09 - 00:17:22:05

how much they didn't eat,

00:17:22:05 - 00:17:22:14

how much they

00:17:22:14 - 00:17:23:05

are going to eat.

00:17:23:05 - 00:17:23:16

And that's all

00:17:23:16 - 00:17:24:18

part of these,

00:17:24:18 - 00:17:25:02

you know,

00:17:25:02 - 00:17:26:03

bigger

00:17:26:03 - 00:17:27:12

long term

00:17:27:12 - 00:17:28:04

study pieces

00:17:28:04 - 00:17:28:13

that are going

00:17:28:13 - 00:17:29:20

to come together.

00:17:29:20 - 00:17:30:11

Plus there's a lot

00:17:30:11 - 00:17:31:01

of different,

00:17:31:01 - 00:17:31:23

you know, maintenance

00:17:31:23 - 00:17:32:08

and cleaning

00:17:32:08 - 00:17:32:21

that all happens

00:17:32:21 - 00:17:33:13

in the background.

00:17:33:13 - 00:17:34:02

to all make

00:17:34:02 - 00:17:34:18

that possible.

00:17:34:18 - 00:17:36:17

So it's things that,

00:17:36:17 - 00:17:37:09

you know, happen

00:17:37:09 - 00:17:38:16

Monday through Friday,

00:17:38:16 - 00:17:40:00

Saturday and Sunday

00:17:40:00 - 00:17:41:10

and will be here

00:17:41:10 - 00:17:41:23

in the upcoming

00:17:41:23 - 00:17:43:19

holiday season as well,

00:17:43:19 - 00:17:44:22

to all make that happen.

00:17:44:22 - 00:17:46:05

So it's

00:17:46:05 - 00:17:46:20

it's certainly

00:17:46:20 - 00:17:47:15

a lot of work.

00:17:47:15 - 00:17:49:01

But you know,

00:17:49:01 - 00:17:50:04

people

00:17:50:04 - 00:17:51:14

like myself are in this

00:17:51:14 - 00:17:52:03

because it's

00:17:52:03 - 00:17:53:07

for the passion,

00:17:53:07 - 00:17:54:00

and what people

00:17:54:00 - 00:17:55:02

really enjoy to do

00:17:55:02 - 00:17:55:22

and being part of it.

00:17:55:22 - 00:17:56:14

And so,

00:17:56:14 - 00:17:58:05

you know, really

00:17:58:05 - 00:17:59:08

thankful to be a part

00:17:59:08 - 00:18:00:06

of these opportunities.

00:18:00:06 - 00:18:00:21

I didn't want to say that

00:18:00:21 - 00:18:01:09

I want to do it

00:18:01:09 - 00:18:02:06

every single day,

00:18:02:06 - 00:18:03:10

but, you know,

00:18:03:10 - 00:18:04:19

I like doing this

00:18:04:19 - 00:18:05:18

because this is what

00:18:05:18 - 00:18:06:06

we enjoy.

00:18:06:06 - 00:18:07:04

I want to be a part of.

00:18:07:04 - 00:18:07:18

And so that

00:18:07:18 - 00:18:08:14

that makes it,

00:18:08:14 - 00:18:09:06

you know,

00:18:09:06 - 00:18:10:08

something enjoyable

00:18:10:08 - 00:18:11:15

and it really makes

00:18:11:15 - 00:18:12:22

a PHD in Animal science.

00:18:12:22 - 00:18:15:09

Like it's certainly

00:18:15:09 - 00:18:16:00

we have skill

00:18:16:00 - 00:18:17:08

sets in a labs.

00:18:17:08 - 00:18:17:23

We have skill sets

00:18:17:23 - 00:18:18:14

in animals,

00:18:18:14 - 00:18:19:09

we have skill sets

00:18:19:09 - 00:18:20:09

in total,

00:18:20:09 - 00:18:21:04

total work ethic,

00:18:21:04 - 00:18:22:08

which gives us

00:18:22:08 - 00:18:23:15

so many skill sets to

00:18:23:15 - 00:18:24:05

to be set up

00:18:24:05 - 00:18:25:01

for the next thing here

00:18:25:01 - 00:18:25:23

and especially here,

00:18:25:23 - 00:18:26:04

as part

00:18:26:04 - 00:18:26:19

of the CLEAR Center

00:18:26:19 - 00:18:27:12

with the opportunities

00:18:27:12 - 00:18:27:18

that we get

00:18:27:18 - 00:18:28:11

to take part in

00:18:28:11 - 00:18:30:00

for research.

00:18:30:00 - 00:18:31:00

Well, being at a dairy

00:18:31:00 - 00:18:31:10

at 4 a.m.

00:18:31:10 - 00:18:31:23

might not be your

00:18:31:23 - 00:18:32:14

favorite memory,

00:18:32:14 - 00:18:33:04

but what do you

00:18:33:04 - 00:18:34:06

what's your

00:18:34:06 - 00:18:34:22

favorite memory

00:18:34:22 - 00:18:35:14

at UC Davis

00:18:35:14 - 00:18:35:22

or at the

00:18:35:22 - 00:18:36:18

clear Center, maybe.

00:18:36:18 - 00:18:37:19

What can you talk about?

00:18:37:19 - 00:18:38:13

A favorite memory

00:18:38:13 - 00:18:39:07

or a favorite event

00:18:39:07 - 00:18:41:02

you were part of or.

00:18:41:02 - 00:18:41:12

Yeah.

00:18:41:12 - 00:18:42:19

So, you know,

00:18:42:19 - 00:18:43:15

I've been having

00:18:43:15 - 00:18:44:20

a lot of unique

00:18:44:20 - 00:18:45:09

opportunities

00:18:45:09 - 00:18:46:03

and experiences here

00:18:46:03 - 00:18:46:10

as part of the

00:18:46:10 - 00:18:46:23

Career Center

00:18:46:23 - 00:18:47:15

that I know

00:18:47:15 - 00:18:48:19

that I would not have had

00:18:48:19 - 00:18:49:09

if I had gone to

00:18:49:09 - 00:18:51:02

another program.

00:18:51:04 - 00:18:51:15

But being

00:18:51:15 - 00:18:53:05

part of the clear center

00:18:53:05 - 00:18:54:09

and dr. Mitloehner’s

00:18:54:09 - 00:18:55:09

work

00:18:55:09 - 00:18:55:21

being able

00:18:55:21 - 00:18:56:10

to attend

00:18:56:10 - 00:18:57:10

the Sustainable Livestock

00:18:57:10 - 00:18:58:02

Transformation

00:18:58:02 - 00:18:59:17

Conference, at FAO

00:18:59:17 - 00:19:00:20

as being,

00:19:00:20 - 00:19:01:17

serving as a delegate

00:19:01:17 - 00:19:03:13

representing the U.S.

00:19:03:13 - 00:19:04:11

along there

00:19:04:11 - 00:19:05:06

with dr. Mitloehner

00:19:05:06 - 00:19:06:03

and being there in Rome

00:19:06:03 - 00:19:06:20

and hearing

00:19:06:20 - 00:19:07:16

like how

00:19:07:16 - 00:19:08:14

this collaboration

00:19:08:14 - 00:19:10:05

around methane emissions

00:19:10:05 - 00:19:10:17

and livestock

00:19:10:17 - 00:19:11:20

sustainability

00:19:11:20 - 00:19:12:21

is really evolving.

00:19:12:21 - 00:19:13:11

You know,

00:19:13:11 - 00:19:14:07

I think

00:19:14:07 - 00:19:15:09

Frank walks

00:19:15:09 - 00:19:16:14

around everywhere there

00:19:16:14 - 00:19:17:19

and everyone knows him.

00:19:17:19 - 00:19:19:15

And because of the

00:19:19:15 - 00:19:20:12

the conversation

00:19:20:12 - 00:19:21:21

that he's brought around

00:19:21:21 - 00:19:22:23

livestock sustainability.

00:19:22:23 - 00:19:23:19

And I think about

00:19:23:19 - 00:19:24:05

all these

00:19:24:05 - 00:19:24:18

different people

00:19:24:18 - 00:19:25:03

and all these

00:19:25:03 - 00:19:25:17

different countries

00:19:25:17 - 00:19:27:01

are working together.

00:19:27:01 - 00:19:28:01

And exciting to see

00:19:28:01 - 00:19:28:22

and thinking about

00:19:28:22 - 00:19:30:05

how much momentum

00:19:30:05 - 00:19:31:02

is out there right now

00:19:31:02 - 00:19:31:16

and how much

00:19:31:16 - 00:19:32:12

is coming together.

00:19:32:12 - 00:19:33:21

It was really eye opening

00:19:33:21 - 00:19:35:23

because we talk about,

00:19:35:23 - 00:19:36:13

opportunities

00:19:36:13 - 00:19:37:06

for solutions here

00:19:37:06 - 00:19:38:17

in the United States.

00:19:38:17 - 00:19:39:04

And that's not going

00:19:39:04 - 00:19:40:00

to work everywhere,

00:19:40:00 - 00:19:40:21

because not everywhere

00:19:40:21 - 00:19:42:18

has livestock systems

00:19:42:18 - 00:19:43:16

or things

00:19:43:16 - 00:19:44:09

of sustainability

00:19:44:09 - 00:19:45:17

in the same way,

00:19:45:17 - 00:19:46:16

as we do.

00:19:46:16 - 00:19:47:10

Plus,

00:19:47:10 - 00:19:47:20

you know,

00:19:47:20 - 00:19:48:14

majority of

00:19:48:14 - 00:19:50:01

the animals are

00:19:50:01 - 00:19:51:10

located elsewhere

00:19:51:10 - 00:19:53:01

all around the world.

00:19:53:01 - 00:19:53:17

And so it

00:19:53:17 - 00:19:54:10

just thinks about

00:19:54:10 - 00:19:55:02

how can we think

00:19:55:02 - 00:19:56:01

about solutions

00:19:56:01 - 00:19:58:04

that are not one work

00:19:58:04 - 00:19:59:08

here in the US or work

00:19:59:08 - 00:20:01:02

in other environments?

00:20:01:02 - 00:20:01:15

Because at the

00:20:01:15 - 00:20:02:15

end of the day,

00:20:02:15 - 00:20:03:10

we're

00:20:03:10 - 00:20:03:22

thinking about

00:20:03:22 - 00:20:04:21

how can we

00:20:04:21 - 00:20:06:01

improve nutrition,

00:20:06:01 - 00:20:07:20

how can we reduce

00:20:07:20 - 00:20:08:15

environmental impacts,

00:20:08:15 - 00:20:10:08

and how can we help with,

00:20:10:08 - 00:20:11:03

you know,

00:20:11:03 - 00:20:12:07

the billions of people

00:20:12:07 - 00:20:13:04

that are involved

00:20:13:04 - 00:20:15:01

in livestock systems

00:20:15:01 - 00:20:17:12

today, which is

00:20:17:12 - 00:20:20:04

makes this a consistent,

00:20:20:04 - 00:20:20:22

and challenging issue

00:20:20:22 - 00:20:22:13

that will continue to

00:20:22:13 - 00:20:23:01

think about

00:20:23:01 - 00:20:23:16

how do we create

00:20:23:16 - 00:20:24:05

more sustainable

00:20:24:05 - 00:20:24:19

food systems,

00:20:24:19 - 00:20:25:11

at least for,

00:20:25:11 - 00:20:26:11

for the rest of my,

00:20:26:11 - 00:20:28:13

my career here. So.

00:20:28:13 - 00:20:28:19

Well,

00:20:28:19 - 00:20:29:03

and speaking

00:20:29:03 - 00:20:29:15

of your career,

00:20:29:15 - 00:20:30:00

as we wrap

00:20:30:00 - 00:20:31:07

things up here, what

00:20:31:07 - 00:20:32:02

what are your goals

00:20:32:02 - 00:20:33:00

with your future,

00:20:33:00 - 00:20:34:01

with your research

00:20:34:01 - 00:20:34:17

or personally,

00:20:34:17 - 00:20:35:03

what do you want

00:20:35:03 - 00:20:36:11

to do from here on out?

00:20:36:11 - 00:20:36:20

Yeah, I know

00:20:36:20 - 00:20:37:06

that's all a

00:20:37:06 - 00:20:37:19

great question

00:20:37:19 - 00:20:38:06

to think about.

00:20:38:06 - 00:20:39:13

What comes next for me

00:20:39:13 - 00:20:39:20

here?

00:20:39:20 - 00:20:42:09

as of today's taping,

00:20:42:09 - 00:20:42:23

I have not

00:20:42:23 - 00:20:43:14

figured out what

00:20:43:14 - 00:20:44:13

what comes next for me

00:20:44:13 - 00:20:45:10

just yet.

00:20:45:10 - 00:20:48:01

But, you know what?

00:20:48:01 - 00:20:48:18

What I want

00:20:48:18 - 00:20:49:13

to be involved in

00:20:49:13 - 00:20:50:04

and what I want to take

00:20:50:04 - 00:20:50:14

part in

00:20:50:14 - 00:20:51:14

is thinking about

00:20:51:14 - 00:20:53:14

working with various

00:20:53:14 - 00:20:55:00

different food companies

00:20:55:00 - 00:20:55:17

at this point

00:20:55:17 - 00:20:56:03

and thinking

00:20:56:03 - 00:20:57:07

about understanding

00:20:57:07 - 00:20:58:22

and providing

00:20:58:22 - 00:20:59:16

technical expertise

00:20:59:16 - 00:21:00:04

and background

00:21:00:04 - 00:21:01:15

that I've been able to

00:21:01:15 - 00:21:02:08

accrue here

00:21:02:08 - 00:21:03:10

through the clear center

00:21:03:10 - 00:21:03:23

and thinking about

00:21:03:23 - 00:21:04:14

how do we

00:21:04:14 - 00:21:05:13

actually implement

00:21:05:13 - 00:21:06:07

these opportunities

00:21:06:07 - 00:21:06:20

on farms

00:21:06:20 - 00:21:07:11

that I've worked out.

00:21:07:11 - 00:21:08:10

So that's the feed additives,

00:21:08:10 - 00:21:08:18

that's the

00:21:08:18 - 00:21:10:09

accounting systems.

00:21:10:09 - 00:21:10:23

And thinking about

00:21:10:23 - 00:21:12:04

how do we apply

00:21:12:04 - 00:21:13:01

those on farms

00:21:13:01 - 00:21:13:12

and how do we

00:21:13:12 - 00:21:14:07

track, verify

00:21:14:07 - 00:21:14:21

and measure them

00:21:14:21 - 00:21:17:02

through the

00:21:17:02 - 00:21:18:06

the supply chain.

00:21:18:06 - 00:21:19:03

So like

00:21:19:03 - 00:21:20:01

what you're going to go

00:21:20:01 - 00:21:21:14

buy at the grocery store

00:21:21:14 - 00:21:23:07

that has this

00:21:23:07 - 00:21:24:01

this reduction

00:21:24:01 - 00:21:25:09

at the end of the day.

00:21:25:09 - 00:21:26:11

Because I think there's

00:21:26:11 - 00:21:27:20

tremendous opportunity

00:21:27:20 - 00:21:29:19

there at this point.

00:21:29:21 - 00:21:30:08

There's still a

00:21:30:08 - 00:21:31:04

little bit of

00:21:31:04 - 00:21:31:19

figuring out

00:21:31:19 - 00:21:32:21

that people are doing,

00:21:32:21 - 00:21:34:05

but I think it's,

00:21:34:05 - 00:21:34:18

a very

00:21:34:18 - 00:21:35:12

exciting opportunity

00:21:35:12 - 00:21:36:00

to have, like,

00:21:36:00 - 00:21:37:03

a real world impact

00:21:37:03 - 00:21:38:12

from what this,

00:21:38:12 - 00:21:40:06

this area of research

00:21:40:06 - 00:21:40:23

has turned to be.

00:21:40:23 - 00:21:42:07

So,

00:21:42:07 - 00:21:43:06

what that looks like

00:21:43:06 - 00:21:43:23

and where that's at,

00:21:43:23 - 00:21:45:11

that's still

00:21:45:11 - 00:21:46:16

to be determined.

00:21:46:16 - 00:21:47:23

But, you know,

00:21:47:23 - 00:21:48:15

looking forward

00:21:48:15 - 00:21:49:03

to have lots

00:21:49:03 - 00:21:50:04

of exciting years ahead

00:21:50:04 - 00:21:51:07

in terms of where,

00:21:51:07 - 00:21:51:23

where this will go

00:21:51:23 - 00:21:54:05

from here. So,

00:21:54:05 - 00:21:55:00

I'm looking forward

00:21:55:00 - 00:21:55:15

to certainly not

00:21:55:15 - 00:21:56:17

waking up at 4 a.m.

00:21:56:17 - 00:21:57:05

all the time

00:21:57:05 - 00:21:59:06

anymore, but,

00:21:59:06 - 00:22:01:09

that is the next step

00:22:01:09 - 00:22:02:05

for me as,

00:22:02:05 - 00:22:03:18

as I look to wrap up here

00:22:03:18 - 00:22:04:09

in the next

00:22:04:09 - 00:22:05:08

couple of weeks.

00:22:05:08 - 00:22:05:22

Well, excellent.

00:22:05:22 - 00:22:06:15

Your future is bright.

00:22:06:15 - 00:22:06:21

Conor.

00:22:06:21 - 00:22:07:11

Thank you so much

00:22:07:11 - 00:22:08:14

for all of your work

00:22:08:14 - 00:22:09:14

here at the Clear Center.

00:22:09:14 - 00:22:10:08

And thank you

00:22:10:08 - 00:22:11:05

for joining us today,

00:22:11:05 - 00:22:11:14

sharing your

00:22:11:14 - 00:22:12:07

knowledge with us.

00:22:12:07 - 00:22:12:19

And thank you

00:22:12:19 - 00:22:13:08

for joining us

00:22:13:08 - 00:22:14:09

on Clear Conversations.

00:22:14:09 - 00:22:14:15

We'll see you

00:22:14:15 - 00:22:15:06

again next time.