In his Part 3, Chang reminds us that every lncRNA gene has its own set of DNA regulatory elements, such as enhancers and promoters. These regulatory elements can confer functionality to lncRNA genes. Chang shares the research story of a mysterious lncRNA known as PVT1, which is frequently co-amplified with the proto-oncogene MYC in human cancers. His group found that PVT1 promoter activity is inversely correlated with MYC expression – when one is up, the other is down. Finally, Chang shows that the PVT1 and MYC promoters compete for four enhancers located within the PVT1 gene locus.