Hacker Public Radio

HPR4178: Today I learnt (2024-07-27)


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TIL 1:
Movement in the galaxy and mass extinctions
  • Throughout the history of this planet there have been a number of
  • mass extinctions. There are various theories about what has caused this.
    I came across one of these recently.
  • The solar system doesn't orbit the galaxy in parallel with the
  • orientation of the galactic plane. There is a difference in the two
    orientations in other words. Sometimes it's in the galactic plane, and
    at times it's "above" or "below".
  • When in the plane the solar system is more protected from gamma ray
  • bursts originating in the galaxy than when it's not. The period of
    rotation is the Galactic year and is about 225 million years
    long.
  • The thinking is that when less protected perhaps the cosmic
  • radiation has effects on life on Earth. There seems to be a correlation
    between these events - gamma ray exposure and extinctions - though there
    is no certainty that this is so. Extinctions may have multiple causes,
    so the relationship cannot be simple.
  • I have provided a few links that might give useful leads if you want
  • to find out more.
    TIL 1: Links
    • Wikipedia:
    • Extinction event
    • Wikipedia:
    • Galactic plane
    • Wikipedia:
    • Galactic year
    • Physics
    • Stackexchange: What angle does our Solar System make with The Milky
      Way?
    • Wikipedia:
    • Shiva hypothesis
    • International
    • Journal of Astrobiology: The galactic cycle of
      extinction
      TIL 2: Which is correct -
      ml or mL?
      • What is the correct abbreviation for millilitre?
      • I watch a YouTube channel about cooking, from Canada. It is Glen and Friends
      • Cooking
      • The show ends with a recipe, and in some cases the measurements are
      • metric. Often it's something like 540 mL can of tomatoes.
      • Having done Chemistry at school and university we were taught the
      • abbreviated form of millilitre is ml, but today I
        learnt that mixed case mL is also permitted and is preferred in
        the USA, Canada and Australia, while Europe prefers lower case
        ml.
      • It's a similar situation with other fractions and multiples of a
      • Litre such as dl and dL for decilitre and
        even for quettalitre (1030 litres) - Ql and
        QL.
        TIL 2: Links
        • Glen and
        • Friends Cooking
        • Wikipedia:
        • SI prefixes applied to the litre
          TIL 3: Meibomium glands
          • These glands are a type of sebaceous gland in the eyelid. Sebaceous
          • glands in general produce secretions to protect the skin and hair. On
            the skin they are part of the hair follicle and produce an oily
            substance called sebum (from the Latin word for tallow
            used to make candles).
          • The Meibomium glands are found along the edge of the eyelid adjacent
          • to the eyelashes. The oily substance they produce helps to prevent the
            eye surface from drying out by mixing with the tears. It also helps the
            eyelids to make an airtight seal when the eyes are closed. There are
            many functions.
          • I knew about the Meibomium glands from learning about human anatomy
          • as a student, but didn't know very much about their function.
          • The glands are named after Heinrich Meibom (1638 – 1700), a German
          • physician and scholar.
          • I didn't know that the secretions produced by these glands can
          • reduce with age, or the glands can can be blocked, leading to MGD
            (Meibomium Gland Dysfunction). I might have this according to
            my Optometrist.
          • I also didn't know that the secretion has a name:
          • meibum.
            TIL 3: Links
            • Wikipedia: Sebaceous gland
            • Wikipedia:
            • Meibomium gland
            • Wikipedia:
            • Heinrich Meibom
            • Wikipedia:
            • Meibomium Gland Dysfunction
              ...more
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