At the turn of the twentieth century, the United States faces a defining question: can a republic also be an empire? This episode traces how America’s long tradition of expansion moves overseas, from Manifest Destiny to warships, coaling stations, and new global markets. We explore the ideas that justified imperialism, the Spanish-American War, and the fierce debates over new territories like the Philippines. Then we pivot home to the Progressive Era, where reformers confront industrial capitalism, corruption, and inequality. Together, imperialism abroad and progressivism at home reveal a nation wrestling with power, reform, and its own contradictions.