As global supply chains fracture, AI reshapes productivity, and technology becomes a core instrument of national power, India is making an ambitious push to redefine its role in the world economy from IT services provider to deep tech superpower.

In the season 2 premiere of  TechSurge, host Sriram Viswanathan brings together three defining perspectives to examine how India is positioned to become a global leader in frontier technologies, and what must go right for that vision to succeed.

The episode begins with S. Krishnan, Secretary at India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, who outlines how India is treating deep tech as national infrastructure. From the India Semiconductor Mission and AI compute investments to the new RDI (Research, Development & Innovation) framework, Krishnan explains how long-horizon industrial policy is being used to derisk private capital, strengthen domestic design and manufacturing, and accelerate commercialization.

Next, former G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant places India’s technology ambitions in a global context. As post-WWII institutions weaken and supply chains are redrawn, Amitabh argues that India’s decade of structural reforms, digital public infrastructure, and global partnerships has created a historic opening, if India can sustain free enterprise, execution discipline, and state-level reform.

Finally, T.K. Kurien, CEO and Managing Partner of Premji Inves, brings the investor and operator lens. Kurien explores why India has excelled at services and business-model innovation but lagged in core technology creation and what it will take to build globally dominant deep tech companies. From patient capital and university-led innovation to focused national bets in AI applications, biotech, and semiconductors, he outlines the path from ambition to execution.

Across policy, geopolitics, and capital, one message is clear: India’s deep tech future will not be decided by vision alone but by alignment between government direction, private risk-taking, and long-term discipline.

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Episode Links

• India Semiconductor Mission (MeitY): https://www.meity.gov.in/
• India AI Mission & AI Kosh: https://indiaai.gov.in/
• National Research Foundation & RDI Scheme: https://anrf.gov.in/
• Premji Invest: https://www.premjiinvest.com/

Timestamps

• 00:00 India’s Deep Tech Inflection Point
• 02:05 Industrial Policy as National Infrastructure
• 06:52 Why Government Must Catalyze Product Innovation Beyond IT Services
• 09:13 Building the Ecosystem: Talent, Research, Diaspora Return & Startup Scale
• 13:10 India Semiconductor Mission (ISM): What’s Different This Time
• 24:56 ISM 2.0 Plans: Fixing Design Incentives & Unlocking Risk Capital
• 27:15 IndiaAI Mission Explained: Compute, Data (AI Kosh) & Model Development
• 33:09 Global Order Shifts: Supply Chains, Tech Power & Introducing Amitabh Kant
• 41:19 Alliances That Matter: China, Europe/Japan Partnerships & Why the US Is Key
• 54:11 How Government Can Take Risk: Fund-of-Funds, R&D Incentives, and Grand Challenges
• 57:07 Dismantle Red Tape, Build World-Class Infrastructure, 
• 01:00:57 Why Premji Invest Focused on Growth Stage (and What Changed for Early Stage)
• 01:03:16 India vs US Investing: Where Returns Come From and Avoiding Valuation Hype
• 01:05:28 Building India’s Startup Ecosystem: Capital, Patience, and Core Tech vs Business Models
• 01:13:41 Three Sectors to Bet On: AI Software/Agents, Biotech Breakthroughs, and Pragmatic Semiconductors