Dr. Richard Oehler, Professor of Medicine at the Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine at USF, presents this updated overview of Nocardia and Actinomyces, two closely-related gram positive filamentous rods which have distinct differences. In his presentation, Dr. Oehler initially covers Nocardiosis, followed by Actinomycosis, and compares and contrasts both and how they produce human infection. Topics covered for both infections include their taxonomy, epidemiology, types of patients infected, infectious syndromes, potential complications, recommended therapies, and duration of treatment. At the end of the talk both Nocardiosis and Actinomycosis are directly compared to help summarize the important learning points presented.