The PaintPropertyTreeBuilder is a critical component within Google Chrome’s Blink engine that converts layout data into structural property trees used for rendering. Operating during the PrePaint phase, this builder performs a depth-first traversal of layout objects to establish specific hierarchies for transforms, clips, effects, and scrolling. It effectively manages complex scenarios such as LayoutNG fragmentation, where a single element may span multiple physical fragments across columns or pages. By utilizing dirty bits and isolation boundaries, the system optimizes performance by only updating parts of the tree that have undergone visual changes. These generated trees ultimately dictate how the compositor organizes and displays visual content on the screen. This architectural shift ensures that coordinate spaces and visual effects are handled efficiently and accurately across the entire web document.