Comparing immigrant and native-born social capital formation via New Zealand data which permits a distinction between indicators of stocks of social capital and indicators of investment in the form of participation in community and voluntary activities In this presentation Professor Poot compares immigrant and native-born social capital formation by means of New Zealand data which permits a distinction between indicators of stocks of social capital (viz. feelings of safety, interpersonal contact and inclusion) and indicators of investment in the form of participation in community and voluntary activities, with bonding and bridging activities considered separately. For immigrants, an assessment is made of how social capital formation changes with increasing years in the host country. Additionally, impacts of spatial segregation - both interregional and intra-regional - on social capital formation are identified. The robustness of the results are gauged by replication of the statistical analysis across two different datasets: the 2006 Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey and the 2008 New Zealand General Social Survey. We find that migrants’ social capital and investment are lowest upon arrival in the host country, but migrant-native born differences largely disappear during the first five years since migration. However, ethnicity of the native born and country of birth of migrants matter a lot for social capital formation. Migrant clustering between regions appears to decrease the formation of bridging social capital, while migrant clustering within regions increases the formation of bonding social capital. Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

What motivates policymakers to initially develop these very specifically-targeted policy proposals which contradict the territorial logic of the welfare state? Transnational mobility presents fundamental challenges to nationally-bounded welfare states, which historically have tended to be organised according to territorial principles of solidarity among permanent residents / nationals. By developing legislation to create welfare benefits encouraging the durable return of specific groups of older migrants to their countries of origin, the Dutch and French governments have taken recent unusual steps to break this link between national solidarity and territorially-bounded consumption of welfare.

This presentation asks what motivated policymakers to initially develop these very specifically-targeted policy proposals which contradict the territorial logic of the welfare state. Based on interviews and available official documents, we follow the subsequent 'biographies' of the two policies, explaining why the revised Dutch scheme has entered into force, while the implementation of the French proposal (although passed by parliament) continues to be blocked. What is noteworthy about the Dutch discussions is that the territoriality principle was not at issue; rather the political debate focused primarily on the utilitarian wish to save the welfare state money. By contrast in France, the dynamics of the debate have been precisely the contrary, with concern for the territoriality of the welfare state trumping any financial considerations. However, in both country cases the concern not to transgress anti-discrimination clauses in the EU treaties was a major preoccupation. We conclude by exploring the extent to which policymakers and other stakeholders in the respective countries have engaged in mutual ‘policy learning’. Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

IMI Trinity term Visiting Fellow Rafael Cazarin gives an exceptional seminar on narratives of social transformation amongst Nigerian and Congolese pastors in diaspora The celebration of conferences, the articulation of visions with spiritual gifts and the teachings on everyday life orientate Pentecostal migrants to develop personal skills, frame interpersonal challenges and ‘tune’ their minds to understand sentiments and emotions. Either in Africa or outside Africa, Pentecostal churches affect congregants though a set of multi-level activities in which transformation is the effect of rules of which obedience must be acknowledged.

As part of an ongoing doctoral research carried out in Bilbao, Spain, and, Johannesburg, South Africa this research engages with the current debates on emotions and social transformation exploring their places within church leaders’ narratives within a migratory milieu. Moreover, Cazarin analyses here the modus operandi of Nigerian and Congolese church leaders on articulating congregants’ emotional responses (hope, fear, love, suffering, etc) with everyday life in a foreign city by presenting and exploring three scales in which this process takes place. In doing so, Cazarin intends to related these geographically distant cases by a mutual, recognisable set of emotionally-based interactions, narratives and practices that frames the Pentecostal discourse on transformation. Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

What archaeological data tell us about the movement of populations in the last millenia: presented by Nicolas Zorzin Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Applying a gender lens to migration and development: insights from research in Southern Africa: presented by Belinda Dodson Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Remaining 'attached strangers': Encounters, relationships and the future of African migrants in China, presented by Linessa Dan Lin Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

MIGRATION AND MODERNIZATION IN POLAND: AN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE presented by Marcin Galent (Jagiellonian University, Krakow) Migrants from Central and Eastern Europe have become an inseparable part of the British ethnic mosaic. Eastern European migration attracts a lot of scholarly attention in the UK, however little has been said about the origin country perspective in this debate. What has driven these people to leave in the first place? What are the consequences of their decisions? Not only the costs – depopulation of rural areas in certain localities in Eastern Europe – but also the benefits – low unemployment, skill transfers and modernization projects – of this out-migration are occurring on an unprecedented scale.

In this special series of podcasts, three speakers aim to bring these arguments to light, thereby filling the substantial gap in how emigration from Central Eastern Europe has been conceptualised thus far.

WELFARE SYSTEMS AS EMIGRATION FACTOR: EVIDENCE FROM THE NEW ACCESSION STATES

Lucia Kurekova (Central European University, Budapest)

MIGRATION AND MODERNIZATION IN POLAND: AN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Marcin Galent (Jagiellonian University, Krakow)

THE ETHICS AND POLITICS OF OUTMIGRATION

Dace Dzenovska (COMPAS, University of Oxford)

Mobile female traders from Mali in Dakar (Senegal): Place-making abroad and on the move, presented by Gunvor Jonsson Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

'Sub-Saharan mobility and the transformation of the urban religious landscape in Morocco', presented by Johara Berriane

Malasree Neepa Acharya presents her paper '‘Brain-gain' return of India’s high-skilled entrepreneurs: Home, transformation, and power politics in the cosmopolitan global south' in Parallel session V(D) of the conference Examining Migration Dynamics This paper investigates the impact of entrepreneurs of Indian origin as social and economic actors that are choosing to return to emerging cities in India. I ask how do entrepreneurs of Indian origin who have lived for a substantial time in the US and/or EU construct their lives upon returning to cosmopolitan cities in India and what factors affect their actions. Entrepreneurs, self-employed owners, financers and managers of their own business or enterprise, are a specific subset of high skilled migrants who take charge of their destinies. I theorize that entrepreneurs— as a unique action-oriented subset of returning elites (Heberer 1999, Drucker 1975)—create their work and home space as a reflection of their hybrid subjectivities and life experiences as cosmopolitan ‘expats.’ These elites transform physical infrastructures of home and work, and social relations among resident Indians and fellow ‘expats’ within emerging Indian ‘Global South’ (Simone 2007, Dawson 2004) cities. The impact of these transformations reconfigure the ways in which global elites move through the world—these entrepreneurs largely redefine transnational networks across periphery and centre while actively creating their own connection to cosmopolitan spaces globally.

Utilizing primary interview data and cognitive social networking ‘maps’ created by entrepreneurs that have returned to Bangalore, India, an emerging ecosystem in India in the wake of globalization, I attempt to investigate the subtext of entrepreneur respondent discussions of ‘opportunity’ and ‘innovation.’ I contend that entrepreneurs who see their return as an opportunity to create a new venture or idea reflect a new cosmopolitan global citizenry whose rootedness and creation of subjective selves within India reconfigures multinational movements and settlement patterns of high skilled elites as part of a larger way in which they move through the world—thereby retranslating transnational ties and engagements with settlement within spaces around the world. Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/