Madame Azurie (1907–1998), born Anna Marie Gueizelor, was a pioneering actor and dancer in Pakistani, Indian, and Bengali cinema. The essay featured in this episode comprises a speech delivered by Azurie during a 1961–62 national music conference held in Karachi, which addressed the challenges of developing a robust system of notation for North Indian classical music. In her speech, Azurie advocates for the invention of notational symbols for Indian beat cycles and the use of sound recordings to create base texts for standardizing the vocal melodies of ragas. The speech was published the same year as part of the conference report.

Salamat Ali Khan, Nazakat Ali Khan - Darbari

Produced by Ali Raj