“When the Cold War ended in 1991 and the Doomsday Clock was at its furthest

from midnight, the world sighed in relief… . It was a moment of hope where many

believed this low tension between the military and economic powers of the world would

lead to peace talks and nuclear disarmament.. . . So, why didn’t nuclear disarmament

happen when the iron curtain fell?. . .” This question is at the center of “Making Nuclear

Weapons Taboo,” a 2023 address by Dr. Carlos Umaña, Co-President of International

Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.