There are several areas in which the Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) landscape has changed significantly in the four years since the publication of ISO 45001, the global standard for Occupational health & safety Management Systems. Some of these areas have been or are being addressed through guidance standards, while some will require further consideration when ISO 45001 is eventually revised. In this episode, we speak to Martin Cottam, Chair of the ISO Technical Committee for Occupational Health & Safety Management, to discuss five key Health & Safety challenges and how perspectives on these have evolved since ISO 45001 was published in 2018.