In the previous episode, we revisited the history of the Israel Palestine conflict, until the creation of Israel in 1948. However, 1948 was not the end, but the beginning of a turbulent new chapter in the region. In the decades that followed, the region was repeatedly reshaped by wars, occupations, and resistance. Borders shifted, cities changed hands, and generations came of age knowing little beyond conflict. 

In this episode, we examine the major wars that followed 1948, asking difficult but necessary questions: What triggered them? What was each side trying to protect — or to gain? And why did every ceasefire feel less like a resolution, and more like an interlude in a continuing struggle? 

Expert: Stanly Johny, International Affairs Editor, The Hindu 

Research: Sharmada Venkatasubramanian 

Produced by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian and Shivaraj S 

Camera: Shivaraj S 

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