• The importance of changeability as a core characteristic of well-maintained software.
• How GitHub has approached accessibility as a business and legal imperative.
• The evolution of GitHub’s frontend system, spanning over 2,000 pages, and the concept of "frontend vintages."
• Primer: GitHub’s design system and the paradox of its success—consistency vs. changeability.
• The disproportionate maintenance costs of frontend systems compared to backend systems.
• Using tools like Axe and keyboard-only tests to identify and resolve accessibility issues.
• The philosophical balance between creativity and usability in software design.
• Practical advice for teams starting their accessibility journey with limited resources.
• How frontend complexity affects scalability, especially in app-like experiences.
• Joel’s advocacy for adopting off-the-shelf components to reduce complexity for smaller teams.

Joel explains how changeability—the confidence to make and deploy changes—provides the foundation for high-quality software.

The Microsoft acquisition drove GitHub’s investment in accessibility, introducing SLAs, automated tools, and manual processes to track progress.

Primer fosters consistency but introduces the challenge of making changes across a vast, interconnected system.

Joel shares how browser quirks, device diversity, and other variables make frontend maintenance far more expensive than backend systems.

Joel recommends focusing on key user workflows like signing up, making payments, and completing core tasks. He emphasizes the importance of tools like Axe and keyboard-driven tests.

• [00:01:12] What Makes Software Well-Maintained? Joel shares how changeability drives quality.
• [00:03:05] GitHub’s Accessibility Journey: The role of SLAs, audits, and automation.
• [00:08:49] Primer and Design Systems: Balancing consistency with innovation.
• [00:12:54] The Hidden Costs of Frontend Complexity: Lessons learned at GitHub.
• [00:20:33] Balancing Creativity with Usability: Joel reflects on the intersection of design and functionality.
• [00:28:05] Accessibility Best Practices: Where teams should focus their initial efforts.

• Joel Hawksley’s Website
• Primer Design System
• Axe Accessibility Tools
• GitHub’s ViewComponent Framework

• How Buildings Learn by Stewart Brand

• Joel Hawksley on GitHub
• Joel Hawksley’s Website

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