In John 10:1-21, Jesus uses the analogy of a shepherd tending to his sheep to illustrate his role as a caring and protective guide for his followers. He emphasizes the intimate relationship between the shepherd and his sheep, as he knows them by name and leads them to safety. Through this parable, Jesus conveys the idea of sacrificial love, highlighting his role as the compassionate leader who lays down his life for the sake of his flock.