In John 8:1-12, a woman caught in the act of adultery is brought before Jesus by the scribes and Pharisees, who seek to trap Him. They remind Him that according to the law of Moses, she should be stoned to death. Jesus responds by challenging anyone without sin to cast the first stone, prompting the accusers to leave one by one. When only Jesus and the woman remain, He tells her that He does not condemn her and advises her to go and sin no more, emphasizing forgiveness and the opportunity for a fresh start.