Dr. Cortes, who serves as Director of the Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University, joins host Chadi Nabhan, MD, MBA, FACP, to chat about the “boom” in treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and where he sees a need for balance.

Dr. Cortes discussed the evolution of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the multiple generations of TKIs that are now available. Second-generation TKIs can lead to earlier and deeper responses than first-generation TKIs, he said, noting that this means patients receiving second-generation TKIs are more likely to be able to discontinue treatment.

“If I was diagnosed with CML, I would take a second-generation TKI,” Dr. Cortes said.

However, Dr. Cortes emphasized that the first-generation TKI imatinib comes with a lower risk of serious side effects than second-generation TKIs. This is an important consideration because “most people are going to do well and have a normal life expectancy” on imatinib, he said.

It is critical to evaluate multiple factors when choosing between a first-generation TKI and a second-generation TKI. This means involving patients in the decisions about treatment to ensure they are comfortable with the balance of efficacy and safety, he said.

“I certainly would rather have more bags under my eyes than a heart attack,” Dr. Cortes said. “So, we need to balance that, and I think that sometimes we've been a little too obsessed on [obtaining] the lowest possible [polymerase chain reaction] value, and we lose the context of other elements that are important, such as risks, and comorbidities and side effects.”

He also discussed a population of patients who remain challenging to treat despite the evolution of therapies for CML.

“The most difficult patient is one without a mutation,” Dr. Cortes said, noting this is because response rates are lowest for those without a mutation and “you don’t know why they are not responding.”