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From 1929 to 1953, the Soviet Union was ruled by Joseph Stalin. Despite turning the USSR from a peasant state to an industrial superpower, Stalin controlled his citizens through fear. He sent many to the GULAG, purposely caused a famine, eliminated an entire social class, and executed anyone who criticized him. The number is not specific, but Stalin is responsible for the deaths of more than 20 million people. Most of which were his own people. After his death in 1953, the Soviet Union disconnected from Stalinism entirely. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, more and more records were declassified, shedding light on the dark and brutal history of the USSR.