Childhood cancer is rare, although increasing, and generally distinct from adult cancers. In high-income countries, survival rates can reach >85% for some cancers; yet, in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), successful treatments are challenged by local realities. This lecture addresses the nursing care of a developmentally diverse patient population, with complex needs and varying family needs and resources. Challenges and strengths of the nursing role across the world to provide effective care whether the goal is cure or palliative care until the end of life will also be considered.