This podcast episode explains how Kerberos, a secure authentication protocol, functions to verify users and grant access in untrusted networks. It details the core components of Kerberos, such as the Key Distribution Center, and outlines the step-by-step authentication process involving tickets. The episode further describes how Microsoft's Active Directory utilizes Kerberos to provide centralized authentication within enterprise environments. Finally, it highlights common cyberattacks targeting Kerberos, like Pass-the-Ticket and Golden Ticket exploits, and suggests crucial defense strategies to mitigate these risks, emphasizing the importance of understanding these systems for cybersecurity professionals.