This briefing document summarizes the key themes and essential insights regarding the virtue of temperance, drawing from philosophical, pedagogical, and theological perspectives. It explores temperance as a foundational cardinal virtue, its role in achieving self-mastery, inner harmony, and true freedom, and its practical application in contemporary life.

La templanza, una de las cuatro virtudes cardinales, es un pilar fundamental de la vida moral y cristiana. Lejos de ser una mera restricción, se presenta como una virtud profundamente liberadora que ordena y eleva los apetitos sensibles, permitiendo al ser humano ser dueño de sí mismo y, por ende, capaz de entregarse verdaderamente a los demás y a Dios. Este informe explora la templanza desde perspectivas filosóficas (Josef Pieper), pedagógicas (David Isaacs), teológicas (Santo Tomás de Aquino, Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica) y espirituales (San Josemaría Escrivá, Francisco Fernández-Carvajal), destacando su relevancia contracultural en el mundo contemporáneo y su papel esencial en la madurez humana y cristiana.

En la actualidad, la justicia es un tema urgente y esencial debido a las tensiones sociales, la polarización política y las demandas de derechos sin el correlativo cumplimiento de deberes. No se trata meramente de temas legales o sociales, sino de redescubrir una virtud moral que estructura la vida personal y comunitaria.

This briefing document provides a comprehensive overview of the virtue of justice, drawing primarily from "The Virtue of Justice: Foundation of the moral and social order" by Juan Ramón Fabregat. The document integrates philosophical, pedagogical, and theological perspectives to offer a nuanced understanding of justice, its contemporary challenges, and its role in personal and social flourishing, particularly within a Christian framework.

This academic text explores prudence as a cardinal virtue, challenging common misconceptions that equate it with timidity and instead defining it as "the art of acting well" or "right reason applied to action." The document emphasizes that prudence is not merely theoretical but rooted in concrete reality, guiding ethical decisions in everyday life. It explains the virtue's complex structure through eight integral parts, such as memory, understanding, and foresight, and discusses how prudence guides and orders other virtues like justice and fortitude. Drawing heavily on Catholic doctrine, especially the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas, Josef Pieper, and St. Josemaría Escrivá, the text highlights the spiritual dimension of prudence and its practical applications in family, professional, and social life, asserting that it is a cultivable virtue essential for leading a truthful, charitable, and free existence.

Este documento profundiza en la virtud de la prudencia, desmitificando su percepción común como cobardía o indecisión. Basándose en la tradición católica, especialmente en Santo Tomás de Aquino y Josef Pieper, se define la prudencia como la "recta razón aplicada a la acción" (Summa Theologiae, II-II, q.47, a.2), que permite discernir el verdadero bien en cada circunstancia y elegir los medios adecuados para alcanzarlo. Es una virtud cardinal fundamental que guía y ordena a las demás virtudes morales. El estudio aborda su naturaleza activa, sus componentes integrales, su relevancia doctrinal y sus aplicaciones prácticas en la vida diaria, profesional y espiritual, destacando su papel en la formación de la conciencia moral y la santificación.

Fortitude is paramount for living the Christian vocation fully. As a good operative habit, it perfects the will in the face of difficulty, enabling resistance to evil and perseverance in good, naturally and supernaturally through the Holy Spirit's gift. Modeled by Christ's obedience unto death, it empowers disciples to overcome fear and weariness. This virtue is critical for integral formation from childhood, supporting maturity in educational and pastoral spheres, and guiding daily life with responsibility and meaning.

In a world of emotional fragility and minimal effort, fortitude is more necessary than ever. It is a demanding yet profoundly human and Christian path, not traveled alone but with God's help and constancy. Promoting fortitude in new generations will foster a society "firmer in the truth, constant in doing good, capable of suffering with meaning and acting with hope," leading to a more free and responsible society "capable of sustaining the weight of truth and love."

A continuación, se presenta un borrador del documento de información solicitado, el cual sintetiza los temas principales y las ideas clave de las fuentes proporcionadas sobre la virtud de la fortaleza.