Wild Wonders

Lava Cactus Built the Galapagos Islands


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The lava cactus is a pioneering plant endemic to the Galapagos Islands that grows on hardened lava. Using root-associated bacteria, it helps convert rock into nutrient-rich soil, enabling other plants to establish. Its spines and waxy skin conserve water in arid conditions, supporting local wildlife such as giant tortoises and iguanas. By creating habitable ecosystems, the lava cactus also facilitated the adaptive radiation of other cacti, forming a foundational element of the islands’ biodiversity.

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