In this conversation, Professor Frank Gavin discusses the critical role of historical thinking in contemporary society, addressing its failings in informing foreign policy and civic unity. He emphasizes the importance of understanding history's methodology and the lessons learned from past events, particularly in the context of the global war on terror. Gavin also explores the implications of unprecedented technological changes and the necessity of a historical checklist for decision-making. The discussion concludes with insights on the current need for historical thinking in addressing modern challenges.