Episode 102:

This week we’re continuing Russia in Revolution An Empire in Crisis 1890 - 1928 by S. A. Smith

[Part 1]
Introduction

[Part 2-5]
1. Roots of Revolution, 1880s–1905

[Part 6-8]
2. From Reform to War, 1906-1917

[Part 9-12]
3. From February to October 1917

[Part 13]
4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power
The Expansion of Soviets

[Part 14 - This Week]
4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power
Civil War - 0:22

[Part 15 - 16?]
4. Civil War and Bolshevik Power

[Part 17 - 19?]
5. War Communism

[Part 20 - 22?]
6. The New Economic Policy: Politics and the Economy

[Part 23 - 26?]
7. The New Economic Policy: Society and Culture

[Part 27?]
Conclusion

Figures

4.1 - 10:02
German prisoners-of-war demonstrate in Moscow in 1918. Their banner reads ‘Long live the World Revolution!’

4.2 - 12:40
Red Army soldiers going off to fight.

4.3 - 38:22
Lenin speaks to troops being sent to the Polish Front in Moscow, 5 May 1920. Trotsky and Kamenev are standing on the step of the platform.

Footnotes:

22) 0:40
The following section draws on: Jonathan D. Smele, The ‘Russian’ Civil Wars, 1916–1926 (London: Hurst, 2016); Evan Mawdsley, The Russian Civil War (New York: Pegasus, 2005); W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).

23) 1:01
Krivosheev (ed.), Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka.

24) 1:23
Naselenie Rossii v XX veke, vol. 1, 148.

25) 6:21
Joshua Sanborn, ‘The Genesis of Russian Warlordism: Violence and Governance during the First World War and the Civil War’, Contemporary European History, 19 (2010), 195–213.

26) 6:37
Geoffrey Swain, Russia’s Civil War (2nd edn) (Stroud: History Press, 2008).

27) 8:04
P. N. Vrangel’, Zapiski (noiabr’ 1916–noiabr 1920) (2 vols), vol. 1 (Moscow: Kosmos, 1991), 100.

28) 9:08
Peter Kenez, Civil War in South Russia, 1918: The First Year of the Volunteer Army (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971).

29) 11:37
Mark von Hagen, Soldiers in the Proletarian Dictatorship: The Red Army and the Soviet Socialist State, 1917–1930 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990); Francesco Benvenuti, The Bolsheviks and the Red Army, 1918–1922 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).

30) 12:42
V. Ia. Grosul, ‘Krasnye generaly grazhdanskoi voiny’, Rossiiskaia istoriia, 4 (2011), 139–54.

31) 15:46
A. Lunacharskii, ‘Revolutionary Silhouettes’ (1923), <https://www.marxists.org/archive/lunachar/works/silhouet/trotsky.htm>.

32) 18:28
Eduard Dune, Notes of a Red Guard, trans. and ed. Diane P. Koenker and S. A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993).

33) 19:06
Richard Pipes, The Russian Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1990), 770.

34) 20:42
Dobrovol’skii, ‘Partiia sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov’, ch. 4, section 2.

35) 22:02
Yanni Kotsonis, ‘Arkhangel’sk, 1918: Regionalism and Populism in the Russian Civil War’, Russian Review, 51:4 (1992), 526–44; Liudmila G. Novikova, ‘Northerners into Whites: Popular Participation in the Counter-Revolution in Arkhangel’sk Province, Summer–Autumn 1918’, Europe-Asia Studies, 60:2 (2008), 277–93.

36) 25:09
A. G. Kavtaradze, Voennye spetsialisty na sluzhbe Respubliki sovetov 1917–1920gg. (Moscow: Nauka, 1988).

37) 26:49
G. A. Trukan, Put’ k totalitarizmu, 1917–1929gg. (Moscow: Nauka, 1994), 61.

38) 28:15
S. Karpenko, ‘The White Dictatorships’: Bureaucracy in the South of Russia: Social Structure, Living Conditions, and Performance (1918–1920)’, Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, 37:1 (2010), 84–96.

39) 29:18
Peter Kenez, Civil War in South Russia, 1919–1920: The Defeat of the Whites (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 88–93, 282.

40) 43:43
Orlando Figes, ‘The Red Army and Mass Mobilization during the Russian Civil War’, Past and Present, 129 (1990), 168–211; Sanborn, Drafting the Russian Nation.

41) 44:50
Kavtaradze, Voennye spetsialisty, 175–8.

42) 45:33
Norman G. O. Pereira, White Siberia: The Politics of Civil War (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996).

43) 48:52
Jonathan D. Smele, Historical Dictionary of the ‘Russian’ Civil Wars, 1916–1926 (2 vols) (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2015), 1303.

44) 52:47
Figes, People’s Tragedy, 699.