François-Marie Arouet, better known by his pen name Voltaire, was one of the most prominent figures of the Enlightenment, a movement that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of tradition. Born on November 21, 1694, in Paris, Voltaire's life spanned the tumultuous periods of the early 18th century, a time characterized by social upheaval, political transformation, and the dawn of modernity. 

A prolific writer, philosopher, and critic, Voltaire's works covered various genres, including poetry, historical writings, essays, and plays. However, he is probably best known for his free speech advocacy, and his masterful works in satire. 

He openly opposed the establishment and was kicked out of his home country for three years. He continued to have brushes with the law including imprisonment for his biting satire. In Voltaire's legacy we find life lessons on what we should do and not do as he was a walking contradiction in some ways and a bulwark of speech in others.