The excerpt details five types of lighting: general lighting, providing overall illumination; perimeter lighting, outlining a room's edges either directly or indirectly; accent lighting, highlighting specific areas or objects; task lighting, offering concentrated brightness for work; and special event lighting, used for festive occasions. Each lighting type is described with examples and its purpose in creating ambiance and functionality within a space is explained. The text emphasizes how these lighting layers work together to achieve desired moods and practical needs. It encourages readers to consider the various lighting options when designing or appreciating a room's atmosphere.