Lithium is an essential trace element critical for human health, moving beyond its established therapeutic use in psychopharmacology. Epidemiological observations consistently suggest an inverse relationship between naturally occurring lithium concentrations in drinking water and the frequency of suicides and violent behavior in various regions. Biologically, lithium is shown to act as a neuroprotective agent by modulating neurotransmitters, regulating circadian rhythms, and stimulating factors crucial for neural growth and cellular repair. One study specifically notes that hair lithium levels are extremely low in violent criminals and suggests a direct association with the transport mechanisms of vitamin B12. Given that current dietary lithium intake is often insufficient, researchers advocate for further investigation into the safety and effectiveness of strategies like low-dose supplementation or food fortification to improve population-level mental health outcomes.