In his talk, “Demography, Religion, and the Eight-Billion Body Problem," Stephen Bullivant delves into the complex interplay between declining fertility rates, evolving religious landscapes, and shifting societal values, particularly in America. He explores how these interconnected trends are reshaping demographics, impacting the economy, and influencing geopolitics. Bullivant examines the rise of non-religious individuals, the role of immigration, and the significant challenges posed by an aging population, arguing that declining birth rates are linked to both decreasing religiosity and changes in values like patriotism and community involvement. While demographic shifts offer some predictability, Bullivant highlights the uncertain long-term consequences of these profound societal changes.

The Morningside Institute hosted a two-day conference on April 4–5, 2025. On its first day, the conference examined some of the radical changes that Western societies are undergoing. On the second day, we explored in greater detail historical examples of how communities have navigated periods of intense cultural change and even devastation. For more information about Living Well at the End of a World, please visit https://www.morningsideinstitute.org/living-well.