In this episode of Longevity Papers, we critically analyze recent research with appropriate skepticism for biotech researchers and longevity enthusiasts. First we discuss the ARDD conference that took last week in Copenhagen, including a replacement panel, and a related paper from Nature Aging back in May 2025: Replacement as an aging intervention (Sierra Lore et al., The Buck Institute, https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-025-00858-6 ). Featured from longevitypapers.com: 1) Reprogramming Factors Activate a Non-Canonical Oxidative Resilience Pathway That Can Rejuvenate RPEs and Restore Vision (Lu et al., Whitehead Institute, September 01, 2025, bioRxiv, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.30.673239v1 ) - We examine claims that Yamanaka factors restore vision through GSTA4-mediated pathways, discussing why vision restoration studies require extreme caution and what validation experiments are needed. 2) Multi-modal atlas of lifestyle interventions reveals malleability of ageing-linked molecular features (Herzog et al., University of Innsbruck, September 01, 2025, bioRxiv, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.30.673115v1 ) - We analyze this comprehensive multi-omics study claiming intermittent fasting shows age-opposing molecular changes, explaining why 6-month biomarker studies rarely translate to meaningful longevity gains. 3) Avoidance Of Rejuvenation: A Stress Test For Evolutionary Theories Of Aging (Aisin et al., City University of Hong Kong, August 28, 2025, bioRxiv, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.24.671987v1 ) - We discuss this theoretical framework questioning why rejuvenation is rare in nature and whether this constrains intervention possibilities. As typical for most weeks, these papers represent incremental advances rather than paradigm shifts, with significant methodological limitations that require careful interpretation before any clinical applications. This podcast is AI generated and may contain errors.