NEO Gamma, developed by 1X Technologies, processes its movement behaviors through a sophisticated combination of advanced hardware, artificial intelligence (AI), and control systems tailored for humanoid robotics. While the exact technical details are proprietary, we can infer how it works based on general principles of humanoid robotics and available information about NEO Gamma.

At the core of NEO Gamma’s movement capabilities is a multipurpose whole-body controller, which operates at a high frequency (reportedly 100Hz). This controller integrates sensory data and motor commands to coordinate the robot’s actions in real-time. It enables NEO Gamma to perform complex, human-like movements such as walking with a natural gait, swinging its arms for balance, squatting to pick up objects, and sitting in chairs. These dynamic control skills are likely achieved through reinforcement learning, a type of machine learning where the system improves its performance by trial and error, using human motion capture data as a reference. This allows NEO Gamma to mimic natural human movements with fluidity and precision.

The robot’s hardware plays a critical role in supporting these behaviors. NEO Gamma features a tendon-driven motion system, which uses flexible, cable-like mechanisms to actuate its joints. This design mimics human muscles and tendons, providing smooth, quiet, and safe movements. The hardware has been significantly upgraded compared to previous models, boasting a 10x increase in reliability and a 10 dB reduction in noise, making it as quiet as a refrigerator. These improvements ensure that the physical components can execute the precise commands from the control system without mechanical failure or excessive wear.