The relationship between the U.S. and China has evolved significantly since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Initially, the U.S. viewed China through a Cold War lens, supporting Taiwan and opposing communist influence. However, a turning point occurred in the 1970s when President Nixon visited China, leading to diplomatic recognition. Economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s opened China to the global market, and trade relations flourished throughout the 1980s and 1990s, culminating in China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. The U.S. supported China's integration into the global economy, hoping it would lead to political liberalization. Nevertheless, as China's economy grew, concerns about its human rights record and military expansion began to surface. The 2008 financial crisis shifted global dynamics, with China emerging as a major economic power. More recently, nationalist sentiments within China have complicated relations, and the COVID-19 pandemic further strained ties, with blame directed at China for its handling of the outbreak. In response, the U.S. has implemented sanctions and tariffs, marking a departure from previous engagement strategies. Understanding this historical context is crucial for analyzing current tensions and conflicts.