Former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser, AC CH, has used a talk at ANU to argue for Australia to step back from the Australia-US ANZUS military alliance.

Mr Fraser said Australia made a major strategic error and betrayed its national interest by not showing strategic independence from the United States after the fall of the Soviet Union.

He warned that Australia needs to be careful not to follow the US into another war, which could potentially be in the Pacific and involve China.

"I don't want Australia to follow America into a fourth war, blindly, unthinkingly, with little regard for Australia's national interest and little regard for our security," he says.

His talk, at the ANU Crawford School of Public Policy, was based on his new book Dangerous Allies.

Mr Fraser, Prime Minister from late 1975 until 1983, drew on his contribution to the flagship journal of the Crawford School, Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies (APPS).

In his APPS piece, Mr Fraser writes that the country made a serious mistake by aligning itself closer to the US in the post-Cold War era, and the problem has been compounded through wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

A copy of Mr Fraser's commentary from APPS, Australia's role in the Pacific is available online.

Dr John Blaxland, from the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, said an end of the Australia-US alliance would have major implications for Australia and the Asia-Pacific region.

"The world isn't either-or, black or white, peace or war -- it's shades of grey," Dr Blaxland said.

"My biggest concern is that the ramifications of a detachment from the US to Australia's interactions with Asian nations and the US's relationship with Asian nations are unfathomable."